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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 22 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nez Perce Indians, (search)
Nez Perce Indians, A family of the Sahaptin nation which derived their name, given by the Canadians, it is said, from a practice of piercing their noses for the introduction of a shell ornament. Lewis and Clarke passed through their country in their explorations early in the nineteenth century, and made a treaty of peace, which they kept inviolate for full fifty years. They had a fine grazing country on the Clearwater and Lewis rivers, in the Territories of Idaho and Washington, and their number was estimated at 8,000. In 1836 missions and schools were established among them by the American board of missions, and efforts were made to induce them to till the ground and have an organized government. They were then about 4,000 strong. But they preferred to live in the heathen state, and, as late as 1857, they had only fifty acres under cultivation. The mission was suspended in 1847, after the murder of the Rev. Mr Whitman by a band of another tribe of Sahaptins. In the Indian
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Niagara, Fort (search)
orts, held out for three weeks, when the expected succor appeared (July 24）—1,200 French regulars and an equal number of Indians. Prepared for their reception, Johnson totally routed this relieving force. A large portion of them were made prisonerrt Niagara, he returned home. During the Revolutionary War the fort was the rendezvous of British troops, Tories, and Indians, who desolated central New York, and sent predatory bands into Pennsylvania. Then, says De Veaux, civilized Europe revelgence reached him from the westward that Lieutenant-General Drummond was approaching with a heavy force of white men and Indians. McClure's garrison was then reduced to sixty effective men, and he determined to abandon the post and cross over to Foish determined on retaliation. They crossed the Niagara River on the night of Dec. 18, about 1,000 strong, regulars and Indians, under Colonel Murray. Gross negligence or positive treachery had exposed the fort to easy capture. It was in command
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nicolet, Jean (search)
Nicolet, Jean Explorer; went to Quebec to trade with Indians, and extended his travels as far as Green Bay, Mich. Father Vimont wrote that his visit to this region was in 1634, which would make him the first white man who saw the prairies of Wisconsin. When he returned to Quebec he reported that he had sailed on a river which would have carried him to the sea in three days. According to this report the Jesuits thought that the long-sought passage to India would soon be discovered.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ninegret, (search)
gress of the New England Confederation deemed it advisable to make war upon him. They voted 250 footsoldiers (1653). The commissioners of Massachusetts did not agree with the others in the measure. Ninegret prosecuted a war with the Long Island Indians, who had placed themselves under the protection of the English. In September. 1654, the commissioners sent a message to Ninegret, demanding his appearance at Hartford, where they were convened, and the payment of a tribute long due for the Pequr on him. They raised 270 infantry and forty horsemen. Maj. Simon Willard was appointed commander-in-chief of these forces, with instructions to proceed directly to Ninegret's quarters and demand of him the Pequods who had been put under him and the tribute still due; also a cessation of war upon the Long Island Indians. On the approach of the troops, Ninegret fled to a distant swamp and was not pursued. Keeping aloof from King Philip's War, he escaped the ruin that fell upon other tribes.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Oconastoto, Indian chief (search)
settlements of the Carolinas. At the head of 10,000 Creeks and Cherokees he forced the garrison of Fort London to surrender, and in violation of his promise, treacherously killed all his prisoners, over 200 in number. Three men only escaped—Capt. John Stuart, and two soldiers. Stuart's life was saved by one of the chiefs, who assisted him in returning to Virginia. As a result of the massacre the colonists burned the Cherokee towns, and forced Oconastoto into an alliance which lasted until the war of the Revolution, when Captain Stuart, who had been made British Indian agent, induced Oconastoto to head an attack on the colonists with 20,000 Indians. John Sevier (q. v.) after a five years struggle succeeded in permanently crushing the power of the allied Indians. Oconastoto was reported alive in 1809 by Return J. Meigs, United States Indian agent, although eighty years previously (1730) he had reached manhood and had represented the Cherokee nation in a delegation sent to Englan
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Oglethorpe, James Edward 1698-1785 (search)
nd on St. Simon's he founded Frederica and built a fort. At Darien, where a few Scotch people had planted a settlement, he traced out a fortification. Then he went to Cumberland Island, and there marked out a fort that would command the mouth of the St. Mary's River. On a small island at the entrance of the St. John's River he planned a small military work, which he named Fort George. He also founded Augusta, far up the Savannah River, and built a stockade as a defence against hostile Indians. These hostile preparations caused the Spaniards at St. Augustine to threaten war. Creek tribes offered their aid to Oglethorpe, and the Spaniards made a treaty of peace with the English. It was disapproved in Spain, and Oglethorpe was notified that a commissioner from Cuba would meet him at Frederica. They met. The Spaniard demanded the evacuation of all Georgia and a portion of South Carolina by the English, claiming the territory to the latitude of Port Royal as Spanish possessions.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Ohio, (search)
ree-fourths of an acre. United States troops occupied Fort Harmar until 1790, when they left it to construct Fort Washington, on the site of Cincinnati. After the treaty of Greenville it was abandoned. In 1788 Gen. Rufus Putnam, at the head of a colony from Massachusetts, founded a settlement at the mouth of the Muskingum River, and named it Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette, the Queen of Louis XVI. of France. A stockade fort was immediately built as a protection against hostile Indians, and named Campus Martius. In the autumn of the same Fort Harmar. Campus Martius. year a party of settlers seated themselves upon Symmes's purchase (q. v.), and founded Columbus, near the mouth of the Little Miami. Fort Washington was soon afterwards built, a little below, on the site of Cincinnati. Ohio was soon afterwards organized into a separate territorial government. The settlers were annoyed by hostile Indians until Wayne's victories in 1794 and the treaty at Greenville g