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460 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
tes) was founded by Arcesilaus IV., with the view of securing a retreat for himself in the event of the successful rebellion of his subjects. It is not known whether he died by violence or not; but after his death royalty was abolished, and his son Battus, who had fled to Hesperides, was there murdered, and his head was thrown into the sea. Various dates have been assigned for the conclusion of the dynasty of the Battiadae; but nothing is certain, except that it could not have ended before B. C. 460, in which year Arcesilaus IV. won the chariot-race at Olympia,--nor after 401, when we hear of violent seditions between the Cyrenaean nobles and populace. (Diod. 14.34; Aristot. Pol. 6.4, ed. Bekk.) Thrige is disposed to place the commencement of popular government about 450. (Res Cyrenensium, §§ 24, 45, 46, 48; comp. Müller, Dor. 3.9.13.) The father of Callimachus was a Cyrenaean of the name of Battus (Suidas, s. v. *Kalli/maxos); and the poet, who is often called " Battiades," seems to
466 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
n of the latter into Cyrene (Herod. l.c.) may seem to point to the prevalence there of a Medizing policy, such as we might expect from a son or near relative of Arcesilaus III. The chronology of this reign is involved in as much obscurity as the events of it, and it is impossible therefore to assign any exact date either to its beginning or its end. (See Thrige, §§ 42-44.) Arcesilaus IV. 8. son probably of Battus IV., is the prince whose victory in the chariot-race at the Pythian games, B. C. 466, is celebrated by Pindar in his 4th and 5th Pythian odes; and these, in fact, together with the Scholia upon them, are our sole authority for the life and reign of this last of the Battiadae. From them, even in the midst of all the praises of him which they contain, it appears, that he endeavoured to make himself despotic, and had recourse, among other means, to the expedient (a favourite one with tyrants, see Aristot. Pol. 3.13, 5.10, 11, ed. Bekk.) of ridding himself of the nobles of the
570 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
r islands, whom the state invited over under the promise of a new division of lands (probably to enable herself to make head against the neighbouring Libyans), and who were further urged to the migration by the Delphic oracle. (Hdt. 4.159, comp. 100.161.) This influx apparently giving rise to farther encroachments on the Libyan tribes, the latter, under Adicran, their king, surrendered themselves to Apries, king of Egypt, and claimed his protection. A battle ensued in the region of Irasa, B. C. 570, in which the Egyptians were defeated,--this being the first time, according to Herodotus (4.159), that they had ever come into hostile collision with Greeks. (Comp. Hdt. 2.161; Diod. 1.68.) This battle seems to have finished the war with Egypt; for we read in Herodotus (2.181), that Amasis formed a marriage with Ladice, a Cyrenaean woman, daughter perhaps of Battus II. (Wesseling, ad Herod. l.c.), and, in other ways as well, cultivated friendly relations with the Cyrenaeans. By the same v
550 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
the region of Marmarica. He met his end at last by treachery, being strangled by his brother or friend, Learchus. His wife, Eryxo, however, soon after avenged his death by the murder of his assassin. His reign lasted, according to some, from 560 to 550 B. C.; according to others, from 554 to 544. (Hdt. 4.160; Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 232; Plut. de Virt. Mul. pp. 260, 261; Thrige, §§ 35, 37.) Ba'ttus Iii. 5. BATTUS III., or "the lame" (*Xwlo/s), son of Arcesilaus JI., reigned from B. C. 550 to 530, or, as some state it, from 544 to 529. In his time, the Cyrenaeans, weakened by internal seditions, apprehensive of assaults from Libya and Egypt, and distressed too perhaps by the consciousness of the king's inefficiency, invited Demonax, a Mantinean, by the advice of the Delphic oracle, to settle the constitution of the city. The conflicting claims of the original colonists with those of the later settlers, and the due distribution of power between the sovereign and the commonalt
583 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
ed, apart from that of the other kings. (Pind. P. 5.125, &c.; Catull. 7.6.) His subjects worshipped him as a hero, and we learn from Pausanias (10.15), that they dedicated a statue of him at Delphi, representing him in a chariot driven by the nymph Cyrene, with Libya in the act of crowning him. (See Thrige, §§ 26, 28.) Arcesilaus I. 2. (*)Arkesi/laos) was a son of the above (Hdt. 4.159); but nothing is recorded of him except that he reigned, and apparently in quiet, for 16 years, B. C. 599-583. Ba'ttus Ii. or Ba'ttus the Happy 3. BATTUS II., surnamed "the Happy," principally from his victory over Apries (*Ba/ttos o( *Eu)dai/mwn), was the son of No. 2, and the third king of the dynasty; for the opinion of those who consider that Herodotus has omitted two kings between Arcesilaus I. and the present Battus, is founded on an erroneous punctuation of 4.159, and is otherwise encumbered with considerable chronological difficulties. (Thrige, §§ 29, 42, 43; comp. Plut. Cor. 11.) In this
525 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
o about 514 B. C. In the early part of his reign he was driven from Cyrene in an attempt to recover the ancient royal privileges, and, taking refuge in Samos, returned with a number of auxiliaries, whom he had attached to his cause by the promise of a new division of lands. With their aid he regained the throne; on which, besides taking the most cruel vengeance on his enemies, he endeavoured further to strengthen himself by making submission to Cambyses, and stipulating to pay him tribute, B. C. 525. (Hdt. 4.162-165, comp. 3.13, 91, 2.181.) Terrified, however, according to Herodotus (4.164), at the discovery that he had subjected himself to the woe denounced against him, under certain conditions, by an obscure oracle (comp. 4.163), or, more probably, being driven out by his subjects, who were exasperated at his submission to the Persians (see 4.165, ad fin.), he fled to Alazir, king of Barca, whose daughter he had married, and was there slain, together with his father-in-law, by the B
599 BC (search for this): entry battus-bio-2
as placed, apart from that of the other kings. (Pind. P. 5.125, &c.; Catull. 7.6.) His subjects worshipped him as a hero, and we learn from Pausanias (10.15), that they dedicated a statue of him at Delphi, representing him in a chariot driven by the nymph Cyrene, with Libya in the act of crowning him. (See Thrige, §§ 26, 28.) Arcesilaus I. 2. (*)Arkesi/laos) was a son of the above (Hdt. 4.159); but nothing is recorded of him except that he reigned, and apparently in quiet, for 16 years, B. C. 599-583. Ba'ttus Ii. or Ba'ttus the Happy 3. BATTUS II., surnamed "the Happy," principally from his victory over Apries (*Ba/ttos o( *Eu)dai/mwn), was the son of No. 2, and the third king of the dynasty; for the opinion of those who consider that Herodotus has omitted two kings between Arcesilaus I. and the present Battus, is founded on an erroneous punctuation of 4.159, and is otherwise encumbered with considerable chronological difficulties. (Thrige, §§ 29, 42, 43; comp. Plut. Cor. 11.) I