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Albuquerque (New Mexico, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
face the Texans in the open field, and the results fully confirmed his judgment on that point. But the adobe villages could be quickly loop-holed and converted into admirable defenses for raw troops. By placing the New Mexicans in these improvised fortresses, and using the regulars and Colorado volunteers aggressively in the open parts of the line, the efficiency of his force would have been doubled. Should the enemy refuse to attack us in any of these strong positions until he passed Albuquerque, Canby could then form a junction with the reinforcements at Fort Union, and Sibley's fate would have been sealed. The late Major H. R. Selden, who was present at the meeting, is the w riter's authority for this outline of Canby's intended plan of campaign. This plan was marred at the very outset by the impetuosity of that rash old fighter, Lieutenant-Colonel B. S. Roberts, who, at Valverde, January 21st, precipitated a decisive engagement with the enemy, where the latter had the advant
Arizona (Arizona, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
t in this work by Captain Pettis of The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona, For Captain Pettis's article and accompanying maps, see Vol. II., p. 103game — no less than the conquest of California, Sonora, Chihuahua, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah--and, above all, the possession of the gold supply of the Pacific coWestern mountain regions. They preponderated strongly in Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California. In the coast and river towns and cities of Califointo New Mexico. As a matter of course, the entire Mormon population of Utah, Arizona, and California would have joined him joyfully, and would have furnished him mers were composed, A remarkable march through the hostile Indian country of Arizona to join Canby was made by eleven companies of infantry, two of cavalry, and twcess of the Confederates, backed by an army which had conquered New Mexico and Arizona. Hence, in view of th e situation in California and of the momentous conseque
New Jersey (New Jersey, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
is work by Captain Pettis of The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona, For Captain Pettis's article and accompeneral Canby. The remote and unimportant territory of New Mexico was not the real objective of this invasion. The Confed may be asked, to what extent would Sibley's conquest of New Mexico have contributed to this result? If it would have rendern mountain regions. They preponderated strongly in Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California. In the coast ates formed a powerful faction. Had Sibley's conquest of New Mexico been complete, he would have captured 6000 or 8000 standornia with at least twice as many men as he brought into New Mexico. As a matter of course, the entire Mormon population of the Confederates, backed by an army which had conquered New Mexico and Arizona. Hence, in view of th e situation in Califoces of its, capture by the Confederates, the conflict in New Mexico should be regarded as one of the decisive campaigns of t
Benicia (California, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
Although General George Wright and the Unionists would have been too enterprising to enable them to effect any complete or systematic organization, a fierce guerrilla warfare would certainly have been inaugurated all over the central and southern parts of the State as soon as it was known that Sibley's victorious army was approaching. Unaided they could have accomplished nothing. The National forces had absolute control of the situation. The forts in San Francisco harbor, the arsenal at Benicia, the Mare Island navy-yard, and whatever naval force there was on the coast were all in Union hands, under the custody of a nucleus (small, it is true) of regular troops. Moreover, the Union volunteers, with whom the enemy would have had to contend, were unsurpassed as fighting material. But with an invading army of 6000 or 8000 men across the Colorado, flushed with victory and well supplied with small arms, artillery, ammunition, and transportation, the situation would have been material
Utah (Utah, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
y. The remote and unimportant territory of New Mexico was not the real objective of this invasion. The Confederate leaders were striking at much higher game — no less than the conquest of California, Sonora, Chihuahua, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah--and, above all, the possession of the gold supply of the Pacific coast, a source of strength considered by Mr. Lincoln to be essential to the successful prosecution of the war. The truth of this view will be apparent when we consider what the frontier desperadoes would have flocked to his standard from all parts of the Rocky Mountains. He could have entered California with at least twice as many men as he brought into New Mexico. As a matter of course, the entire Mormon population of Utah, Arizona, and California would have joined him joyfully, and would have furnished him most efficient aid. In the meantime the California Secessionists would not have been idle. Although General George Wright and the Unionists would have been too
Pacific Ocean (search for this): chapter 8.81
Sibley succeeded in his enterprise. The Confederacy would have controlled the Gulf of California alnd the two finest harbors on the Pacific coast with a coast-line of 1200 or 1500 miles. The conquest alone of this vast domain, in all probability,would have insured the recognition of the Confederacy by the European powers. Owing to the remoteness of this coast it would have been impossible for us to have effectually blockaded it. In fact the Confederates could have overpowered us in the Pacific Ocean, as all the advantages of position and materials would have been on their side. Finally, the current of gold, that, according to Mr. Lincoln, formed the life-blood of our financial credit, would have been diverted from Washington to Richmond. What then would have been the relative quotations of Green-backs and Graybacks? Unquestionably the Confederate paper would have been worth at least as much as ours, and the oceans would have swarmed with Alabamas. But it may be asked, to what ext
El Paso, Woodford County, Illinois (Illinois, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
vivors of Sibley's column a detailed account of that retreat. Soon after Canby assumed command of the department, and before he had time to get it fairly in hand, he was confronted with the appalling disaster of San Augustine Springs. This was quickly followed by the intelligence that two expeditions were forming to attack him,--one in Northern Texas under Van Dorn, to enter by the Canadian route against Fort Union; the other at San Antonio, under Sibley, intended to reinforce Baylor at El Paso. He was therefore compelled to keep a strong force at Fort Union, another at Fort Craig, and to hold a third at an intermediate point whence he could succor the division first attacked. This prevented him from acting aggressively against Baylor early in the campaign. After Sibley had passed Fort Craig, Canby called a meeting of his senior officers and outlined to them his plan of campaign, which was to follow the enemy closely in his march up the valley, harass him in front, flanks, and
San Augustine Springs (New Mexico, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
ncy of General Canby's management rendered it decisive in our favor. For the invading column the result was practically annihilation, unless the reports brought into our lines were gross exaggerations. It is to be hoped that this discussion may elicit from some of the survivors of Sibley's column a detailed account of that retreat. Soon after Canby assumed command of the department, and before he had time to get it fairly in hand, he was confronted with the appalling disaster of San Augustine Springs. This was quickly followed by the intelligence that two expeditions were forming to attack him,--one in Northern Texas under Van Dorn, to enter by the Canadian route against Fort Union; the other at San Antonio, under Sibley, intended to reinforce Baylor at El Paso. He was therefore compelled to keep a strong force at Fort Union, another at Fort Craig, and to hold a third at an intermediate point whence he could succor the division first attacked. This prevented him from acting ag
Chihuahua (Chihuahua, Mexico) (search for this): chapter 8.81
article and accompanying maps, see Vol. II., p. 103.--Editors. is accurate as to most details. It is open to criticism, however, in two particulars: it fails to recognize the political as well as the military importance of the campaign, and it does injustice to General Canby. The remote and unimportant territory of New Mexico was not the real objective of this invasion. The Confederate leaders were striking at much higher game — no less than the conquest of California, Sonora, Chihuahua, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah--and, above all, the possession of the gold supply of the Pacific coast, a source of strength considered by Mr. Lincoln to be essential to the successful prosecution of the war. The truth of this view will be apparent when we consider what the relative positions of the two governments would have been had Sibley succeeded in his enterprise. The Confederacy would have controlled the Gulf of California alnd the two finest harbors on the Pacific coast with a coast-
Pala (New Mexico, United States) (search for this): chapter 8.81
cult for it to escape capture had it been routed. However superb the material of which the California volunteers were composed, A remarkable march through the hostile Indian country of Arizona to join Canby was made by eleven companies of infantry, two of cavalry, and two batteries, under Colonel J. H. Carleton, which were dispatched by General George Wright, commanding the Department of the Pacific, overland from Southern California. The column started April 13th, 1862, and arrived at Santa Fe; September 20th.--Editors. they were raw troops and would have been confronted by larger numbers of men, many of them already seasoned to war in a victorious campaign, who would, moreover, have been compelled to fight with desperation because they had the desert at their backs. It is true the fortunes of war are uncertain, and none of these things might have happened; but, in view of the above facts, the probabilities seem altogether in favor of the success of the Confederates, backed by a
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