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BOOK I.
BOOK II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD AND THE ELEMENTS.
BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK V.
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.
BOOK IX. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XI. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF INSECTS.
BOOK XII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TREES
BOOK XIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXOTIC TREES, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF UNGUENTS.
BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES.
BOOK XV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT-TREES.
BOOK XVI. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS. AND THOSE USED FOR
CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XXIV.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XXV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WILD PLANT
BOOK XXVI.
A CONTINUATION OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM
PLANTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR
DISEASES.
BOOK XXVII.
A DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS, AND OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THEM.
BOOK XXVIII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXIX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXX.
REMEDIES DERIEVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXXI.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC PRODUCTION
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
BOOK XXXIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXIV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXV.
AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.
BOOK XXXVI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.
BOOK XXXVII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.
chapter:
CHAP. 1. (1.)—UNGUENTS—AT WHAT PERIOD THEY WERE FIRST
INTRODUCED.
CHAP. 2.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF UNGUENTS—TWELVE PRIN-
CIPAL COMPOSITIONS.
CHAP. 3.—DIAPASMA, MAGMA; THE MODE OF TESTING UNGUENTS.
CHAP. 4. (3.)—THE EXCESSES TO WHICH LUXURY HAS RUN IN
UNGUENTS.
CHAP. 5.—WHEN UNGUENTS WERE FIRST USED BY THE ROMANS.
CHAP. 6.—THE PALM-TREE.
CHAP. 7.—THE NATURE OF THE PALM-TREE.
CHAP. 8.—HOW THE PALM-TREE IS PLANTED.
CHAP. 9.—THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF PALM-TREES, AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS.
CHAP. 10. (5.)—THE TREES OF SYRIA: THE PISTACIA, THE COT-
TANA, THE DAMASCENA, AND THE MYXA.
CHAP. 11.—THE CEDAR. TREES WHICH HAVE ON THEM THE FRUIT
OF THREE YEARS AT ONCE.
CHAP. 12. (6.)—THE TEREBINTH.
CHAP. 13.—THE SUMACH-TREE.
CHAP. 14. (7.)—THE TREES OF EGYPT. THE FIG-TREE OF
ALEXANDRIA.
CHAP. 15.—THE FIG-TREE OF CYPRUS.
CHAP. 16. (8.)—THE CAROB-TREE.
CHAP. 17. (9.)—THE PERSIAN TREE. IN WHAT TREES THE FRUITS
GERMINATE THE ONE BELOW THE OTHER.
CHAP. 18.—THE CUCUS.
CHAP. 19.—THE EGYPTIAN THORN.
CHAP. 20. (11.)—NINE KINDS OF GUM. THE SARCOCOLLA.
CHAP. 21.—THE PAPYRUS: THE USE OF PAPER; WHEN IT WAS
FIRST INVENTED.
CHAP. 22.—THE MODE OF MAKING PAPER.
CHAP. 23. (12)—THE NINE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PAPER.
CHAP. 24.—THE MODE OF TESTING THE GOODNESS OF PAPER.
CHAP. 25.—THE PECULIAR DEFECTS IN PAPER.
CHAP. 26.—THE PASTE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER.
CHAP. 27. (13.)—THE BOOKS OF NUMA.
CHAP. 28. (14.)—THE TREES OF ÆTHIOPIA.
CHAP. 29. (15.)—THE TREES OF MOUNT ATLAS. THE CITRUS, AND
THE TABLES MADE OF THE WOOD THEREOF.
CHAP. 30.—THE POINTS THAT ARE DESIRABLE OR OTHERWISE IN
THESE TABLES.
CHAP. 31.—THE CITRON-TREE.
CHAP. 32. (17.)—THE LOTUS.
CHAP. 33. (19.)—THE TREES OF CYENAICA. THE PALIURUS.
CHAP. 34.—NINE VARIETIES OF THE PUNIC APPLE. BALAUSTIUM.
CHAP. 35. (20.)—THE TREES OF ASIA AND GREECE; THE EPIPACTIS,
THE ERICA, THE CNIDIAN GRAIN OR THYMELÆA, PYROSACHNE,
CNESTRON, OR CNEORON.
CHAP. 36.—THE TRAGION: TRAGACANTHE.
CHAP. 37.—THE TRAGOS OR SCORPIO; THE MYRICA OR BRYA; THE
OSTRYS.
CHAP. 38. (22.)—THE EUONYMOS.
CHAP. 39.—THE TREE CALLED EON.
CHAP. 40.—THE ANDRACHLE.
CHAP. 41.—THE COCCYGIA; THE APHARCE.
CHAP. 42.—THE FERULA.
CHAP. 43.—THE THAPSIA.
CHAP. 44. (23.)—THE CAPPARIS OR CYNOSBATON, OTHERWISE
OPHIOSTAPHYLE.
CHAP. 45.—THE SARIPHA.
CHAP. 46. (24.)—THE ROYAL THORN.
CHAP. 47.—THE CYTISUS.
CHAP. 48. (25.)—THE TREES AND SHRUBS OF THE MEDITER-
RANEAN. THE PHYCOS, PRASON, OR ZOSTER.
CHAP. 49.—THE SEA BRYON.
CHAP. 50.—PLANTS OF THE RED SEA.
CHAP. 51.—PLANTS OF THE INDIAN SEA.
CHAP. 52.—THE PLANTS OF THE TROGLODYTIC SEA; THE HAIR OF
ISIS: THE CHARITO-BLEPHARON.
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Table of Contents:
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
1 The Acacia Nilotica of Linnæus, from which we derive the gum Arabic of commerce; and of which a considerable portion is still derived from Egypt.
2 These gums are chemically different from gum Arabic, and they are used for different purposes in the arts.
3 The vine does not produce a gum; but when the sap ascends, a juice is secreted, which sometimes becomes solid on the evaporation of the aqueous particles. This substance contains acetate of potassa, which, by the decomposition of that salt, becomes a carbonate of the same base.
4 This is not a gum, but a resinous product of a peculiar nature. It is known to the moderns by the name of "olivine."
5 The sap of the eim leaves a saline deposit on the bark, principally formed of carbonate of potassa. Fée is at a loss to know whether Pliny here alludes to this or to the manna which is incidentally formed by certain insects on some trees and reeds. But, as he justly says, would Pliny say of the latter that it is "ad nihil utile"—"good for nothing"?
6 A resinous product, no doubt. The frankincense of Africa has been attributed by some to the Juniperus Lycia and Phoenicia.
7 The Penæa Sarcocolla of Linnæus. The gum resin of this tree is still brought from Abyssinia, but it is not used in medicine. This account is from is Dioscorides, B. iii. c. 99. The name is from the Greek σαρξ, "flesh," and κόλλα, "glue."
8 See B. xxiv. c. 7.
9 Three denarii per pound.
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
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