Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

I.fin.; dat. SPIRITO, Inscr. Orell. 3030; gen., dat., and abl. plur. only eccl. and late Lat., e. g. spirituum, Vulg. Marc. 6, 7: “spiritibus,” Aug. Serm. 216, 11 fin.; Vulg. Luc. 8, 2), m. spiro, a breathing or gentle blowing of air, a breath, breeze (syn.: aura, flatus).

I. Lit.

A. In gen.: “spiritum a vento modus separat: vehementior enim spiritus ventus est, invicem spiritus leviter fluens aër,” Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5: spiritus Austri Imbricitor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114: “Boreae,” Verg. A. 12, 365: “quo spiritus non pervenit,” Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; cf.: “silentis vel placidi spiritus dies,” Col. 3, 19 fin.: “alvus cum multo spiritu redditur,” Cels. 2, 7 med.—

B. In partic.

1. The air: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.): “proximum (igni) spiritus, quem Graeci nostrique eodem vocabulo aëra appellant,” Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10: “quid tam est commune quam spiritus vivis?” Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72; cf. Quint. 12, 11, 13: “potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut hujus caeli spiritus esse jucundus?” Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15.—

2. An exhalation, smell, odor: “spiritus unguenti suavis,” Lucr. 3, 222: “foedi odoris,” Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.: “florum,” Gell. 9, 4, 10: “sulfuris,” Pall. Aug. 9, 1; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 19.—

3. Breathed air, a breath: “quojus tu legiones difflavisti spiritu,” Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17.—Absol.: (equus) saepe jubam quassit simul altam: Spiritus ex animā calida spumas agit albas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 507 Vahl.): “creber spiritus,” Lucr. 6, 1186: “ardentes oculi atque attractus ab alto Spiritus,” Verg. G. 3, 505: “petitus imo spiritus,” Hor. Epod. 11, 10: “in pulmonibus inest raritas ... ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,” Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136: “diffunditur spiritus per arterias,” id. ib. 2, 55, 138: “animantium vita tenetur, cibo, potione, spiritu,” id. ib. 2, 54, 134: “si spiritum ducit, vivit,” id. Inv. 1, 46, 86: “tranquillum atque otiosum spiritum ducere,” id. Arch. 12, 30: “longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest,” id. de Or. 3, 47, 182: “versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,” id. ib. 1, 61, 261: “spiritus nec crebro receptus concidat sententiam, nec eo usque trahatur, donec deficiat,” Quint. 11, 3, 53: “lusit vir egregius (Socrates) extremo spiritu,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96; cf. id. Sest. 37, 79: quorum usque ad extremum spiritum est provecta prudentia, id. Sen. 9, 27: “quos idem Deus de suis spiritibus figuravit,” Lact. Epit. 42, 3.—With gen.: “ut filiorum suorum postremum spiritum ore excipere liceret,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; Cels. 4, 4; 3, 27; Col. 6, 9, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 68; 11, 3, 32; 11, 3, 53 sq.—

C. Transf.

1. In abstr., a breathing: “aspera arteria excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,” Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf. id. ib. 2, 55, 138: “aër spiritu ductus alit et sustentat animantes,” id. ib. 2, 39, 101: “crevit onus neque habet quas ducat spiritus auras,” Ov. M. 12, 517.—Esp.: spiritum intercludere (includere), to stop the breath, suffocate, choke, etc.: “lacrimae spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,” Liv. 40, 16, 1; 40, 24, 7; so, “includere,” id. 21, 58, 4.—

2. The breath of a god, inspiration: “haec fieri non possent, nisi ea uno divino et continuato spiritu continerentur,” by a divine inspiration, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 3, 11, 28; cf.: “poëtam quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari,” id. Arch. 8, 18.—

3. The breath of life, life: “eum spiritum, quem naturae debeat, patriae reddere,” Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20: “vos vero qui extremum spiritum in victoriā effudistis,” id. ib. 14, 12, 32: “dum spiritus hos regit artus,” Verg. A. 4, 336; cf. Hor. C. 4, 8, 14: “ne cum sensu doloris aliquo spiritus auferatur,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: “aliquem spiritu privare,” Vell. 2, 87, 2: “merula spiritum reddidit,” to expire, die, id. 2, 22, 2: “spiritus tenues vanescat in auras,” Ov. H. 12, 85: “non effundere mihi spiritum videbar, sed tradere,” Sen. Ep. 78, 4: “novissimum spiritum per ludibrium effundere,” Tac. H. 3, 66 fin.; cf. supra, I. B.—

4. Poet.,= suspirium, a sigh, Prop. 1, 16, 32; 2, 29 (3, 27), 38.—

5. In gram., a breathing or aspiration (asper and lenis), Prisc. p. 572 P.; Aus. Idyll. 12 de Monos. Graec. et Lat. 19. —

6. The hiss of a snake, Verg. Cul. 180.—

II. Trop.

A. (Class.) A haughty spirit, haughtiness, pride, arrogance; also, spirit, high spirit, energy, courage (esp. freq. in the plur.; syn. animi).

(α). Sing. (in the best prose only in gen. and abl., which are wanting in plur.): “regio spiritu,” Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93: “quem hominem! quā irā! quo spiritu!” id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6: “illos ejus spiritus Siciliensis,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 22: “tantum fiduciae ac spiritūs,” Caes. B. C. 3, 72: “filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu,” Liv. 24, 22: “patricii spiritūs animus,” id. 4, 42, 5: “ex magnitudine rerum spiritum ducat,” Quint. 1, 8, 5: “corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis Spiritum et incessum,” Hor. S. 2, 3, 311: “cecidit spiritus ille tuus,” Prop. 2, 3, 2: “spiritu divino tactus,” Liv. 5, 22, 5: “non negaverim fuisse alti spiritūs viros,” Sen. Ep. 90, 14.—

(β). Plur.: “res gestae, credo, meae me nimis extulerunt ac mihi nescio quos spiritus attulerunt,” Cic. Sull. 9, 27: “noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios, etc.,” id. Clu. 39, 109; cf.: “unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus,” id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66: “tantos sibi spiritus, sumpserat, ut ferendus non videretur,” Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin. in re militari sumere, id. ib. 2, 4: “nam Dion regios spiritus repressit,” Nep. Dion, 5, 5: “cum spiritus plebes sumpsisset,” Liv. 4, 54: “si cui honores subdere spiritus potuerunt,” id. 7, 40: “remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, etc.,” Cic. Fl. 22, 53: “spiritus feroces,” Liv. 1, 31: “quorum se vim ac spiritus fregisse,” id. 26, 24: “cohibuit spiritus ejus Thrasea,” Tac. A. 16, 26: “Antipater, qui probe nosset spiritus ejus,” Curt. 6, 1, 19.—

B. (Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose.) Spirit, soul, mind.

(α). Sing.: “quoslibet occupat artus Spiritus,” Ov. M. 15, 167; Tac. A. 16, 34: spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem Carminis dedit, poetic spirit or inspiration, Hor. C. 4, 6, 29; cf.: “mihi Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camenae Parca non mendax dedit,” id. ib. 2, 16, 38: “qualis Pindarico spiritus ore tonat,” Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 40: “imperator generosi spiritŭs,” Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149: avidus (i. e. τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν, the desiring, coveting soul), Hor. C. 2, 2, 10: “quidam comoedia necne poëma Esset, quaesivere: quod acer spiritus ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest,” Hor. S. 1, 4, 46: “majoris operis ac spiritūs,” Quint. 1, 9, 15: “alti spiritūs plena,” id. 10, 1, 44: “virtus magni spiritus est et recti,” Sen. Ep. 74, 29: “qui spiritus illi, Quis vultus vocisque sonus,” Verg. A. 5, 648.—

(β). Plur.: Coriolanus hostiles jam tum spiritus gerens, Liv. 2, 35; Curt. 5, 8, 17.—*

b. Transf. (like anima, and the Engl. soul), a beloved object, Vell. 2, 123 fin.—

2. Spiritus, personified, a spirit (late Lat.); so, “esp., Spiritus Sanctus or simply Spiritus,” the Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit, Cod. Just. 1, 1, 1; Aus. Ephem. 2, 18: “jurare per Deum et per Christum et per Spiritum Sanctum,” Veg. 2, 5: “nocens ille Spiritus,” an evil spirit, Lact. 4, 27, 12: “Spiritus nigri,” evil spirits, Sedul. Carm. 3, 41.