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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
2. (Nautical.) A long, brigantine-rigged vessel, used in Siun, and made out of a single trunk. Bal-loon′. 1. A bag or envelope of silk or other thin textile fabric, around which is a netting of small rope or cord, from which is suspended a car or basket. The balloon is provided with a valve, controlled by a rope within reach of a person in the car, to allow the gas by which the balloon is inflated to escape when it is desired to descend. Galion, of Avignon, wrote on aerostation in 1575; but the discovery of hydrogen made by Cavendish, in England, seemed to offer a feasible mode of accomplishing the object, and its use was suggested for that purpose by Dr. Black, in 1767, who ascertained that a light envelope filled with this gas would ascend. Balloon. The first machine by which an ascent was made into the upper regions of the atmosphere was invented and constructed by the brothers Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, paper-manufacturers at Annotay, near Lyons, France.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
1. Those in which the magazine is a tube below the barrel, as in the Winchester, the Ward-Burton, etc. 2. Those in which the magazine is in the stock, as in the Spencer, Meigs, and others. 3. Those in which the magazine is a separate piece attachable to the gun when required, as in the Elliot carbine, the Gatling battery-gun, etc. See battery-gun. The Marquis of Worcester (d. 1667), in his Cen- tury of Inventions, refers to an often-discharging pistol, but does not describe it. In 1575, several of such arms were stored in the Tower of London. Porta, in his Natural Magick, 1658, speaks of a great brass gun, or hand-gun, which may discharge ten or more bullets without intermission. The idea is to load with powder and shot alternately, until the barrel is full; an intervening dark powder gives an interval between the firing of the separate charges, so as to avoid the simultaneous explosion and the results which would very certainly follow. Most of the ancient repeating-gu
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
to a narrow trough, which delivereth the same water to the wheels. This wheel bath a piece of timber put to the axle-tree end, like the handle of a broch, and fastened to the end of the saw, which, being turned with the force of the water, hoisteth up and down the saw, that it continually eateth in, and the handle of the same is kept in a rigall of wood from swerving. Also the timber lieth, as it were, upon a ladder, which is brought by little and little to the saw with another vice. In 1575, a mill having a gang of saws, capable of sawing several boards at once, was in operation on the Danube, near Ratisbon. In 1596, the first, it is said, in Holland was erected at Saardam. In England, one erected in 153 by a Dutchman was abandoned on account of the opposition of the populace; and more than a century later (1767), when James Stansfield established a wind saw-mill at Limehouse. East London, it was destroyed by a mob. A similar mill had previously been in operation for some yea