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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
r form is very compact. The operation of the engine is so similar to the preceding that it does not call for a lengthy description. The jacket around the cool end of the air-chamber has a current of water, or some other means of refrigeration, so as to render it more prompt and effective in its action on the air. The working-cylinder is connected alternately to the respective ends of the chamber below, by passages whose valves open and close, according to the direction of the current. Schwartz, December 20, 1864. This invention is thus described officially: The object of this invention is to produce an air-engine to work upon the recuperative system, and thus to use the same air over and over. Its novelty consists, first, in the generator, which is composed of a strong flatsided vessel, with rounded neck at the top, which is suspended over the fire in the furnace. From the bottom of this generator protrude downwards several bottle-shaped tubes which are open towards the inside
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
uted much to the success of the English. The two Europeans whose names have been prominently brought forward as inventors of gunpowder are Roger Bacon and Michael Schwartz. Roger Bacon, in 1216, wrote a work entitled The secrets of art and nature, wherein he states that from saltpeter and other ingredients we are able to mak cum ubre. This looks as though he considered it a secret; not necessarily his invention, but a dangerous compound not adapted for the use of the vulgar. Michael Schwartz, a Cordelier monk, of Goslar, in Germany, about A. D. 1320, seems to have combined the three ingredients, and has been credited with the discovery. A commemorative statue of Schwartz was erected in 1853, at Freiburg. Artillery was known in France in 1345. In 1356, the city of Nuremberg purchased gunpowder and cannon. The same year Louvain employed thirty cannon at the battle of Santfliet against the Flemings. In 1361, a fire broke out at Lubec from the careless use of gun
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
from the atmosphere, and discharge them into the atmosphere again after they have produced their effect. Such are the Ericsson, Stillman, Roper, Baldwin, Messer, Wilcox engines, described on pp. 40-43. See also Dr. Barnard's report on the French Exposition, pp. 34-40, and plate 1. Second, those which employ continually the same air, which is alternately heated and cooled, but which is not allowed to escape. Such are the Glazebrook (1797), Parkinson and Crosley (1827), Laubereau (1849), Schwartz, described on pp. 43, 44. These and other distinguishing features are described under air-engine(which see). Hot-air Fur′nace. One in which air is heated for warming houses, or for purposes of drying, usually the former. The arrangements are various, but a common kind is a form of stove in a brick chamber, the air coursing around the stove and among certain pipes and chambers in which circulate the volatile products of combustion. In the example (Fig. 2586) the furnace, with the