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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 4 4 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 2 2 Browse Search
Diodorus Siculus, Library 1 1 Browse Search
Plato, Republic 1 1 Browse Search
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 4 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1285 AD or search for 1285 AD in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
giveing him a crowne for it; and so, well satisfied, he went away. — Ibid., Oct. 5, 1664. Aquatint engraving invented by St. Non of France, 1662. Engraving in steel introduced into England by Perkins of Philadelphia, 1819. The earliest application of the wood-engraver's art in Europe was in cutting blocks for playingcards. The French writers ascribe it to the time of Charles V., but the Germans show cards of the date 1300. The Italians again claim that it originated in Ravenna, about 1285. An Italian pamphlet of the year 1299 speaks of cards as a gambling game, but these may have been drawn by the pen and colored by hand. In the year 1441 the Venetian government forbade the importation of stamped playing-cards as being injurious to their handicraft manufacture. Ugo di Carpi introduced the method of printing in colors or tints by separate successive blocks. Engraving on wood assumed the character of an art about 1440; the first impression, 1423. Improved by Durer, 1471 – 1
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
he edge of the river at Cordova, caused water to be brought from the mountains in tubes of lead, and gave orders for the building and erection of numerous fountains in different quarters of the city, with baths of marble. — Conde. Leaden pipes were used in England as early as A. D. 1236, and Henry III., about 1270, granted the citizens of London the liberty to convey water from the town of Tyburn to the city, by pipes made of lead. A leaden cistern, built round with stone, was erected in 1285. The length of lead-pipe then laid down, from Paddington to the Cross in Cheapside, was 1,096 rods. Cisterns and supply-pipes of lead were numerous in the fifteenth century. The art of casting them was invented by Rev. Robert Brooke, 1539. In 1582, the water-works of London Bridge were established by Peter Morice, and the water distributed by lead-pipes to certain parts of the city. In 1613, the New River, an open aqueduct 40 miles long, and having a fall of 3 inches to the mile, was
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
dless belt with brushes. The belt is moved by gear connection with the ground-wheels. Street-sweeper. Fig. 5989 has a pair of oblique brushes to gather a wide swath of dirt into a position to be swept up by the succeeding cylindrical brush. Ancient Rome had its cloacae, and so had its beautiful colony Augsburg; but the cleaning of streets, except in exceptional cases, as in the splendid capital of the Spanish Caliphs, Cordova, was in a beastly state of inefficiency. In Paris, in 1285, under Philip the Bold, an order was issued that each citizen should keep the street clean in front of his own house. In 1348 and 1388 stringent penalties were enacted against the remiss, and a dirt and garbage cart (un tombereau) was established. About the end of the fourteenth century the scavenger business became a regular trade. The government took charge of it in 1609, letting it out in contracts. Street-sweeping machine. The work has changed somewhat in its character by the in
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
e wood, preservation of. Wood′en pipe. Wooden pipes (canules ligni) were common in ancient Rome in ordinary structures. Lead was used for the superior class of work, in conducting the water of the aqueducts to the fountains and baths. See aqueduct. Lap-seam wooden pipe. Pipes made of elm logs, bored, were used for the mains in the London water-works from 1582, when Morice started the works at London Bridge, down to about 1800. Lead-pipes had previously been used, as early as 1285, in bringing water from the springs of Tyburn to the city, and were also used by Morice for distributing-pipes. When it was determined, about 1800, to replace the wooden mains by cast-iron pipes, the New River Company had 400 miles of wooden mains, which were taken up, and iron substituted, at the rate of twenty miles per annum. The iron mains vary from 1 to 3 feet in diameter. In the plan adopted at Ithaca. N Y., the pine or other lumber is sawed into lengths of proper thickness, and b