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York (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 24
to be removed, will put a final period to the British empire in America. To a modification of the duties I would not have been unfavorable; but a total repeal of them is an act of versatility, fatal to the dignity and jurisdiction of parliament, the evil consequences of which no declaratory act can avert or qualify. Wiffen's House of Russell, II., 571. The House of Lords divided. For subduing the colonies, if need be, by sword or fire, there appeared sixty-one, including the Duke of York, and several of the bishops; in favor of the repeal there were seventy-three; but adding the voices of those absent peers, who voted by proxy, the numbers were one hundred and five against seventy-one. Northington, than whom no one had been more vociferous that the Americans must submit, voted for the repeal, chap XXIV.} 1766. Mar. pleading his unwillingness to act on such a question against the House of Commons. Immediately, the protest which Lyttelton had prepared against committing t
Rockingham, N. C. (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 24
Chapter 24: The House of Lords give way with protests.— Rockingham's administration continued. February—May, 1766. The heat of the battle was over. The Stamp Act chap. XXIV.} 1766. Feb. was sure to be repealed; and every one felt that Pitt, would soon be at the head of affairs. Rockingham still aspired to intercept his promotion, and engage his services. In its last struggle to hold place by the tenure which the king disliked, the old whig party desired to make of the rising power of the people its handmaid, rather than its oracle. But Pitt spurned to capitulate with the aristocracy. Rockingham's tone, said he, is that of a minister, master of the court and the public, making openings to men who are seekers of office and candidates for ministry. I will not owe my coming into the closet to any court cabal or ministerial connection. On Monday, the twenty-fourth of February, the committee made its report to the house. Both England and America are now governed by th
Newfoundland (Canada) (search for this): chapter 24
f by parliament. 6 Geo. III. c. LII. Thus taxes for regulating trade were renewed in conformity to former laws; and the Act of Navigation was purposely so far sharpened as to prohibit landing non-enumerated goods in Ireland. 6 Geo. III. c. LII. The colonial officers did not relax from their haughtiness. Under instructions given by the former administration, the Governor of Grenada claimed to rule the island by prerogative; and Sir Hugh Palliser, Ordinances of 3 April, 1766. at Newfoundland, arrogated the monopoly of the fisheries to Great Britain and Ireland. The strength of the ministry was tested on their chap. XXIV.} 1766. April. introducing a new tax on windows. The English, said Grenville, must now pay what the colonists should have paid; De Guerchy to Choiseul, 21 April. and the subject was referred to a committee by a diminished majority. Great Britain not only gave up the Stamp Tax, but itself defrayed the expenses Treasury Minute of 4 April. of the ex
France (France) (search for this): chapter 24
tates of the United Netherlands, are instances in the annals of Europe of the glorious actions a petty people, in comparison, can perform, when united in the cause of liberty. At that time, Louis XV. was setting his heel on the parliaments of France, the courts of justice which alone offered barriers to his will. In me, said he to them solemnly, on the second day of March, it is chap. XXIV.} 1766. Mar. in me alone that the sovereign power resides. Justice is done only in my name, and thethan was given up to Ireland in the reign of King William. I never gave my dissent with more dislike to a question, than I now give it. The amendment was rejected, and henceforward America would have to resist in the parliament of England, as France in its king, a claim of absolute, irresponsible, legislative power. The final debate on the repeal ensued. Grenville chap. XXIV.} 1766. Mar. and his party still combated eagerly and obstinately. I doubt, said Pitt, who that night spoke most
Dominica (Dominica) (search for this): chapter 24
Edmund Burke, already famed for most shining talents, and sanguine friendship, for America, Holt's N. Y. Gaz. 1228, for 17 July, 1766. was consulting merchants and manufacturers on the means of improving and extending the commerce of the whole empire. When Grenville, madly in earnest, deprecated any change in the sacred Act of Navigation, Burke bitterly ridiculed him on the idea that any act was sacred, if it wanted correction. Free ports were, therefore, established in Jamaica and in Dominica, 6 Geo. III. c. XLIX. which meant only that British ports were licensed to infringe the acts of navigation of other powers. Old duties, among them the plantation duties, which had stood on the statute book from the time of Charles the Second, were modified; and changes were made in points of detail, though not in principle. The duty on molasses imported into the plantations was fixed at a penny a gallon; that on British coffee was seven shillings the hundred weight; on British pimento
Nova Zembla (Russia) (search for this): chapter 24
owers of government were actually sequestered into the hands of about two hundred men. Camden spoke deliberately, and his words were of the greater moment, as they were the fruit of a month's reflection and research; yet he mistook the true nature of representation, which he considered to be not of persons, but of property. The speech printed in the following year, found an audience in America, but in the House of Lords, chap XXIV.} 1766. Mar Mansfield compared it to words spoken in Nova Zembla, and which are said to be frozen for a month before any body can get at their meaning; and then with the loud applause of the peers, he proceeded to insist that the Stamp Act was a just assertion of the proposition, that the parliament of Great Britain has a right to tax the subjects of Great Britain in all the dominions of Great Britain in America. But as to the merits of the bill which the House of Commons had passed to ascertain the right of England over America, he treated it with sc
Jamaica, L. I. (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 24
ed illegal; and Edmund Burke, already famed for most shining talents, and sanguine friendship, for America, Holt's N. Y. Gaz. 1228, for 17 July, 1766. was consulting merchants and manufacturers on the means of improving and extending the commerce of the whole empire. When Grenville, madly in earnest, deprecated any change in the sacred Act of Navigation, Burke bitterly ridiculed him on the idea that any act was sacred, if it wanted correction. Free ports were, therefore, established in Jamaica and in Dominica, 6 Geo. III. c. XLIX. which meant only that British ports were licensed to infringe the acts of navigation of other powers. Old duties, among them the plantation duties, which had stood on the statute book from the time of Charles the Second, were modified; and changes were made in points of detail, though not in principle. The duty on molasses imported into the plantations was fixed at a penny a gallon; that on British coffee was seven shillings the hundred weight; on
England (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 24
olutions against the right of the legislature of Great Britain to tax America should be expunged; but this was to the destruction of the union of America with Great Britain. At Boston, Otis declared, that the original of the colonies in former experience, whether of Great Britain, or Rome, or Greece, he appeal ed to the law of d, 13 March, 1766. The reform was needed; for in Great Britain, with perhaps, at that time, eight millions of iGreat Britain has a right to tax the subjects of Great Britain in all the dominions of Great Britain in AmericaGreat Britain in America. But as to the merits of the bill which the House of Commons had passed to ascertain the right of England ovetion of the colonies would make the authority of Great Britain contemptible; that the reason assigned for theirland, arrogated the monopoly of the fisheries to Great Britain and Ireland. The strength of the ministry waferred to a committee by a diminished majority. Great Britain not only gave up the Stamp Tax, but itself defra
Hartford (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 24
provinces throughout the continent. Stratford, in Con- chap. XXIV.} 1766. Mar. necticut, resolved never to be wanting, and advised a firm and lasting union, to be fostered by a mutual correspondence among all the true Sons of Liberty throughout the continent. Assembling at Canterbury in March, Windham county named Israel Putnam, of Pomfret, and Hugh Ledlie, of Windham, to correspond with the neighboring provinces. Delegates from the Sons of Liberty in every town of Connecticut met at Hartford; and this solemn convention of one of the most powerful colonies, a new spectacle in the political world, demonstrating the facility with which America could organize independent governments, declared for perpetuating the Union as the only security for liberty; and they named in behalf of the colony, Colonel Israel Putnam, Major John Durkee, Captain Hugh Ledlie, and five others, their committee for that purpose. A firm union of all the colonies was the watchword of Rhode Island, adopted
Locke (search for this): chapter 24
p. XXIV.} 1766. Mar. fathers of the Americans did not leave their native country and subject themselves to every danger and distress, to be reduced to a state of slavery; they did not give up their rights; they looked for protection, and not for chains, from their mother country; by her, they expected to be defended in the possession of their property, and not to be deprived of it. For should the present power continue, there is nothing which they can call their own; for, to use the words of Locke, what property have they in that which another may by right take, when he pleases, to himself? Locke on Civil Government. Book II. ch. XI. § 138, 139, 140. Thus did the defence of the liberties of a continent lead one of the highest judicial officers of England, in the presence of the House of Lords, to utter a prayer for the reform of the House of Commons, by a more equal settlement of the representative authority. Compare Lord Charlemont to Henry Flood, 13 March, 1766. The refo
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