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Browsing named entities in George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 5, 13th edition..

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New Castle, Ky. (Kentucky, United States) (search for this): chapter 1
ets, who was ready to praise merit wherever found, they were but demi-men, who, in perfectly serious stupidity, thought themselves beings of a higher nature than we. Klopstock: Firstenlob. Halbmenschen, die sich, in vollem, dummen Ernst fur hohere Wesen halten als uns. But their pride was a pride which licked the dust, for almost all of them chap. I.} 1763. were venal and pensionary. The authority is an English Lord Chancellor, speaking his mind to an English Duke. Hardwicke to Newcastle, 10th Sept., 1751; in Coxe's Pelham Administration, II. 410. Almost all the princes of Europe are become venal and pensionary. The United Provinces of the Netherlands, the forerunner of nations in religious tolerance, were, from the origin of their confederacy, the natural friends of intellectual freedom. Here thought ranged through the wide domain of speculative reason. Here the literary fugitive found an asylum, and the boldest writings, which in other countries circulated by steal
Orange, N. J. (New Jersey, United States) (search for this): chapter 1
f the seas, at the time of their greatest naval power, they had in their treaty of 1674 with England, embodied the safety of neutrals in time of war, limiting contraband articles of trade, and making goods on shipboard as safe as the ships that bore them. But the accession of the Stadtholder, Offenbar war's aber der Republik nicht vortheilhaft, dass ihr General-Capitain zugleich auch Konig in England war. Spittler's Europaische Staaten—Geschichte, i. 564, 565. William chap. I.} 1763 of Orange to the throne of England was fatal to the political weight of the Netherlands. From the rival of England they became her ally, and almost her subordinate; and guided by her policy, they exhausted their means in land forces and barriers against France, leaving their navy to decline, and their fleets to disappear from the ocean. Hence arose the factions by which their counsels were distracted and their strength paralysed. The friends of the Stadtholder, who in 1763 was a boy of fifteen, sid
1773 AD (search for this): chapter 2
or men of letters. He it was, and not an English poet, that praised George the First of England as a sage and a hero who ruled the universe by his virtues; Au Roi d'angleterre, George ler, en lui envoyant la tragedie d'oedipe. he could address Louis the chap. II.} 1763. Fifteenth as a Trajan; and when the French king took a prostitute for his associate, it was the aged Voltaire who extolled the monarch's mistress as an adorable Egeria. Voltaire à Madame la Comtesse du Barri, 20 Juin, 1773. The populace which has its hands to live by, such are the words, and such the sentiments of Voltaire, and as he believed of every landholder, the people has neither time nor capacity for selfinstruc-tion; they would die of hunger before becoming philosophers. It seems to me essential that there should be ignorant poor. II me paralt essentiel qu'il y ait des gueux ignorans. Preach virtue to the lower classes; when the populace meddles with reasoning, all is lost. Quand la populace se mele
1766 AD (search for this): chapter 2
d such the sentiments of Voltaire, and as he believed of every landholder, the people has neither time nor capacity for selfinstruc-tion; they would die of hunger before becoming philosophers. It seems to me essential that there should be ignorant poor. II me paralt essentiel qu'il y ait des gueux ignorans. Preach virtue to the lower classes; when the populace meddles with reasoning, all is lost. Quand la populace se mele de raisonner, tout est perdu. Voltaire a M. Damilaville, ler Avril, 1766. The school of Voltaire did not so much seek the total overthrow of despotism as desire to make his philosophy its counsellor; and shielded the vices of a libidinous oligarchy by proposing love of self as the cornerstone of morality. The great view which pervades his writings is the humanizing influence of letters, and not the regenerating power of truth. He welcomed, therefore, every thing which softened barbarism, refined society, and stayed the cruelties of superstition; but he could
Rand (search for this): chapter 2
absolute; on the other, free thought, which was becoming the mistress of the world. Absolute power met barriers on every side. The arbitrary Central will was circumscribed by the customs and privileges of the provinces, and the independence of its own agents. Many places near the king were held by patent; the officers of his army were poorly paid, and often possessed of large private fortunes; the clergy, though named by him, held office irrevocably, and their vast revenues, of a hundred Rand thirty millions of livres annually, were their own property. His treasury was always in need of money, not by taxes only, but by loans, which require the credit that rests on an assured respect for law. Former chap. II.} 1763. kings had in their poverty made a permanent sale of the power of civil and criminal justice; so that the magistrates were triply independent, being themselves wealthy, holding their office of judges as a property, and being irremovable. The high courts of justice, o
Fenelon (search for this): chapter 2
e so ready to renounce pleasure, and risk life for a caprice, or sacrifice it for glory. Self-indulgent, they abounded in offices of charity. Often exhibiting the most heartless egoism, they were also easily inflamed, with a most generous enthusiasm. Seemingly lost in profligate sensuality, they were yet capable of contemplative asceticism. To the superficial observer, they were a nation of atheists; and yet they preserved the traditions of their own Bossuet and Calvin, of Descartes and Fenelon. In this most polished and cultivated land,—whose government had just been driven out from North America, whose remaining colonies collectively had but about seventy thousand white persons, whose commerce with the New World could only be a consequence of American Independence,—two opposite powers competed for supremacy; on the one side monarchy, claiming to be absolute; on the other, free thought, which was becoming the mistress of the world. Absolute power met barriers on every side.
Voltaire (search for this): chapter 2
t of restraint, though not to total unbelief, Voltaire employed his peerless wit and activity. The and hated prelacy with the rancor of faction; Voltaire waged the same warfare with widely different monarch's mistress as an adorable Egeria. Voltaire à Madame la Comtesse du Barri, 20 Juin, 1773.uch are the words, and such the sentiments of Voltaire, and as he believed of every landholder, the milaville, ler Avril, 1766. The school of Voltaire did not so much seek the total overthrow of dThe age could have learnt, from the school of Voltaire, to scoff at its past; but the studious and o well-informed and virtuous, D'Alembert to Voltaire. most amiable, Voltaire to D'Alembert. andVoltaire to D'Alembert. and of a taste the most delicate and sure; a disinterested man, austere, yet holding it to be every manls of life by trust in God See Rousseau to Voltaire.— he breathed the spirit of revolution into watan, Un je ne sais quel charlatan sausage. Voltaire: Siecle de Louis XV. chap. XLIII. this begga
Adam Smith (search for this): chapter 2
i: Maximes Generales du Gouvernement, XVI. for demand summons supplies; dearness need not appal, for high prices, quickening production, as manure does the soil, are their own certain, as well as only cure. So there should be no restriction on commerce F. Quesnai: Maximes Gienrales du Gouvernement, XXV. and industry, internal or external; competition should supersede monopoly, and private freedom displace the regulating supervision of the state. Such was the liberal and generous Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, Book IV. ch. 9. system of the political economists who grouped themselves round the calm and unpretending Quesnai, startling the world by their axioms and tables of rustic economy, Marmontel: Livre cinquieme, Oeuvres i. 149, 150. as though a discovery had been made like that of the chap. II.} 1763. alphabet or of metallic coin. Marquis de Mirabeau, the elder. The new ideas fell, in France, on the fruitful genius of Turgot, who came forward in the virgin pu
Bedford (search for this): chapter 2
extinguible qui se developpa depuis dans mon coeur contre les vexations qua éprouve le malheu reux peuple et contre ses oppress eurs. he derived an eloquence which went to the heart of Europe. He lit up the darkness of his times with flashes of sagacity; and spoke out the chap. II.} 1763. hidden truth, that the old social world was smitten with inevitable decay; that if there is life still on earth, it is the masses alone that live. The phrase is from Cousin. At the very time when Bedford and Choiseul were concluding the peace that was ratified in 1763, Rousseau, in a little essay on the social compact, published to the millions, that while true legislation has its source in divinity, the right to exercise sovereignty belongs inalienably to the people; but rushing eagerly to the doctrine which was to renew the world, he lost out of sight the personal and individual freedom of mind. The race as it goes forward, does not let fall one truth, but husbands the fruits of past wis
Montesquieu (search for this): chapter 2
ever kindled with the disinterested love of man. The age could have learnt, from the school of Voltaire, to scoff at its past; but the studious and observing Montesquieu discovered the title deeds of humanity, as they lay buried under the rubbish of privileges, conventional charters, and statutes. His was a generous nature thatappy than those of Italy, may save themselves from the passionate tyranny of a single senate. That free commerce would benefit every nation, is a truth which Montesquieu Montesquieu: Esprit des Lois. livre XX. chap. XXIII. is thought to have but imperfectly perceived. The moment was come when the languishing agriculture ofMontesquieu: Esprit des Lois. livre XX. chap. XXIII. is thought to have but imperfectly perceived. The moment was come when the languishing agriculture of his country would invoke science to rescue it from oppression by entreating the liberty of industry and trade. The great employment of France was the tillage of land, than which no method of gain is more grateful in itself, or more worthy of freemen, Cicero de Officiis. or more happy in rendering service to the whole human rac
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