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bert C. Winthrop, who had been appointed by the governor to succeed Webster in the Senate. Winthrop was the candidate of the opposition to Charles Sumner, who was loyally supported by the Coalition Democrats, or those who were elected on that ticket, with the exception of two or three. From the first, Sumner received within a very few votes of a majority, though bitterly opposed by the Hunker Democrats and all the Whigs, sixteen persons receiving scattering votes. The voting went on until April of that year, when Sumner lacked only two votes of an election. But the count disclosed that there had been two more votes cast than there were members present. Early in the session a bill for voting by sealed envelopes at State elections was introduced, and was pressed before the legislature against the united vote of the Whig and Hunker parties. In this condition of things Mr. Sidney Bartlett, the Whig leader,--who until the day of his death at ninety years of age was one of the forem
et organization through secret oaths, had grown up during the preceding year, like a mushroom in the night, and elected Henry J. Gardner, a young Boston banker, by a majority such as had never before been heard of. This movement broke down the Whig party, and substantially absorbed the other two parties. Gardner maintained his hold upon the State for three years, and in the very first year, 1855, this 18th Article was approved by the legislature, and it was ratified by the people on the 23d day of May of that year. Article 20 of the Constitution was another blow to the power of the Catholic Church and the Irishmen. It provided that No person shall have the right to vote, or be eligible to office, who shall not be able to read the Constitution in the English language, and write his name. This article was adopted on the recommendation of the same legislature, May 1, 1859. This provision has been opposed by the Democratic party in the State ever since, and is one to which the write
ear of losing their standing in the Democratic party, which we all believed would, by voting for a Free-Soiler, control the coming presidential election in the autumn of 1852. They had no doubt of that, because the candidate we all looked for was Judge Levi Woodbury, the friend and twice appointed cabinet officer of Jackson, and the able and upright Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In this, however, we were unhappily disappointed by his too early death in the following October. His selection as a Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1848 was undoubtedly prevented by the unhappy controversies in the State of New York, which were carried into the national convention, of which I was a member, and which resulted in the withdrawal of the friends of Mr. Van Buren and the Free-Soil rupture in the party, with Van Buren for a candidate at the election. Notwithstanding the defeat of the Coalitionists in the election of 1852, the proposition to have a constituti
filled the vacancy by election from the two having the highest number of votes. If a candidate for representative failed of an election on the second Monday of November, such vacancy might be filled by an election in his town to be held on the fourth Monday of November. Thus it will be seen that if the Free-Soilers and DemocratNovember. Thus it will be seen that if the Free-Soilers and Democrats ran separate candidates for each office, their combined vote would be counted against the Whig candidate in every case to prevent his election. An understanding was arrived at between the leaders of the Free-Soil and Democratic parties, that, in counties where it was possible to elect a senator by joint ballot, both should noa large number of towns, and a considerable number had voted not to send any, as a means of avoiding another election to fill the vacancy on the fourth Monday of November. Upon a careful examination of the returns and of the probable number of representatives who would be elected on that day, it was quite apparent that the nine t
nd never allowed a man, woman, or child to work more than ten hours except in time of pressure of business. At such time they were given pay for every extra hour they worked, and it was left wholly optional with them whether they should or should not work the extra hours. In 1852 I was elected to the legislature. While there I endeavored to remedy a great wrong and outrage which had been done to a Catholic educational institution of the order of St. Ursula. This order was established in 1536, to give relief to the sick, and educate gratuitously female youth, and the merits of its work were so great that it escaped even in Europe the persecutions which there frequently visited monastic institutions. Quite latterly the object of this mission was confined to the education of female youth, and its convents were established in America as seminaries of learning. In 1820 such an institution was founded in Boston, and six years later was removed to Mount Benedict, a twin Ruins of U
that I believed then, as I believe now, that this country is to have a war in each generation. Every preceding generation in this country had had its war, and in the most important of all his father had taken an active part. The colonies had, in 1758, the French and Indian War, the result of which was the taking of Quebec by Wolfe, and the destruction of the power of France on this continent. Zephaniah, my grandfather, was a soldier under Wolfe's command. There hangs before me, in my library, a powder-horn, such as was worn by every soldier of that day. On it is engraved with his own knife, Zephaniah Butler his horn April ye 22, 1758. And Captain Zephaniah fought with Stark at Bennington. Then followed the Revolution, from 1775 to 1783, and one of my uncles was at Bunker Hill. The next generation saw the war of 1812 with Great Britain. In this war, my father, John Butler, commanded a company of light dragoons in the regular army. Next, in 1830, were the Spanish wars in Flori
, in 1758, the French and Indian War, the result of which was the taking of Quebec by Wolfe, and the destruction of the power of France on this continent. Zephaniah, my grandfather, was a soldier under Wolfe's command. There hangs before me, in my library, a powder-horn, such as was worn by every soldier of that day. On it is engraved with his own knife, Zephaniah Butler his horn April ye 22, 1758. And Captain Zephaniah fought with Stark at Bennington. Then followed the Revolution, from 1775 to 1783, and one of my uncles was at Bunker Hill. The next generation saw the war of 1812 with Great Britain. In this war, my father, John Butler, commanded a company of light dragoons in the regular army. Next, in 1830, were the Spanish wars in Florida and the Gulf States, wherein General Taylor and General Jackson--then captains — so distinguished themselves. Next came the unpleasantness of 1861 to 1865, which, I think, in spite of the euphemism, might well be termed a war of our genera
vengeful people. Something was done by such an assembly. The convention that framed the Constitution of the United States had no official reporters, and the details of what was done there in the matter of speeches are only from the memoranda and recollections of some of the more industrious and painstaking members. Elliott's Debates is rather the memory of what was said than anything like a report. And so the Congress or convention that declared the independence of the United States in 1776 had no reporter; and all agree that something was done there. The Massachusetts Constitution, as submitted to the suffrages of the people, contained all that was valuable in the old Constitution, with many needful additional provisions and amendments. These additions deserved to meet the approbation of the people of the State, and they did within the next three years. But this Constitution failed to be adopted at the general election in November, 1853, by the very insignificant adverse ma
8, the French and Indian War, the result of which was the taking of Quebec by Wolfe, and the destruction of the power of France on this continent. Zephaniah, my grandfather, was a soldier under Wolfe's command. There hangs before me, in my library, a powder-horn, such as was worn by every soldier of that day. On it is engraved with his own knife, Zephaniah Butler his horn April ye 22, 1758. And Captain Zephaniah fought with Stark at Bennington. Then followed the Revolution, from 1775 to 1783, and one of my uncles was at Bunker Hill. The next generation saw the war of 1812 with Great Britain. In this war, my father, John Butler, commanded a company of light dragoons in the regular army. Next, in 1830, were the Spanish wars in Florida and the Gulf States, wherein General Taylor and General Jackson--then captains — so distinguished themselves. Next came the unpleasantness of 1861 to 1865, which, I think, in spite of the euphemism, might well be termed a war of our generation, an
, and the destruction of the power of France on this continent. Zephaniah, my grandfather, was a soldier under Wolfe's command. There hangs before me, in my library, a powder-horn, such as was worn by every soldier of that day. On it is engraved with his own knife, Zephaniah Butler his horn April ye 22, 1758. And Captain Zephaniah fought with Stark at Bennington. Then followed the Revolution, from 1775 to 1783, and one of my uncles was at Bunker Hill. The next generation saw the war of 1812 with Great Britain. In this war, my father, John Butler, commanded a company of light dragoons in the regular army. Next, in 1830, were the Spanish wars in Florida and the Gulf States, wherein General Taylor and General Jackson--then captains — so distinguished themselves. Next came the unpleasantness of 1861 to 1865, which, I think, in spite of the euphemism, might well be termed a war of our generation, and with which, it may be seen hereafter, I had somewhat to do. Therefore, believi
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