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James Smith (search for this): chapter 9
07. A ship of one Thomas Keyser and one James Smith, 1645 the latter a member of the church oor forty, fifty, or even threescore pounds. Smith, i. 105. The supply of white servants became aavagant fiction, wholly unworthy of belief. Smith, i. 177, abundantly refuted by what Smith writSmith writ with his own hand, i. 129. Burk, i. 311, 312, condemned too hastily. Smith once met a party, thatSmith once met a party, that seemed to amount to seven hundred; and, so complete was the superiority conferred by the use of fiteen men he was able to withstand them all. Smith, i. 129. The savages were therefore regarded w2. This is the groundwork of the narrative in Smith, II. 65—76, and of Purchas, IV. 1788—1791. Std an honorable liberality. Stith, 232, 233. Smith volunteered his ser vices to protect the plantth, 298. Burk, i. 268. Rymer, XVII. 490—493. Smith was particularly examined; his honest answers ter as an act of benevolence to the colony. Smith, II. 103—108. The result surprised every o[7 more.
eks enslaved Greeks, as the Hebrew often consented to make the Hebrew his absolute lord, as Anglo-Saxons trafficked in Anglo-Saxons, so the negro race enslaved its own brethren. The oldest accounts of the land of the negroes, like the glimmering traditions of Egypt and Phenicia, of Greece and of Rome, bear witness to the existence of domestic slavery and the caravans of dealers in negro slaves. The oldest Greek historian Herodotus, l. IV. c. 181—185. Compare Heeren, XIII. 187 and 231; Blair's Roman Slavery, 24. commemorates the traffic. Negro slaves were seen in classic Greece, and were known at Rome and in the Roman empire. It is from about the year 990, that regular accounts of the negro slave-trade exist. At that period, Moorish merchants from the Barbary coast first reached the cities of Nigritia, and established an uninterrupted exchange of Saracen and European luxuries for the gold and slaves of Central Africa. Even though whole caravans were sometimes buried in the s
ternest morality pronounced the sentence of slavery and exile on the captives whom the field of battle had spared. The excellent Winthrop enumerates Indians among his bequests. Winthrop's N. E., II. 360. The articles of the early New England confederacy class persons among the spoils of war. A scanty remnant of the Pequod tribe Winthrop's N. E., i. 234. in Connecticut, the captives treacher- Chap V.} ously made by Waldron in New Hampshire, Belknap's Hist. of N. Hampshire, i. 75, Farmer's edition. the harmless fragments of the tribe of Annawon, Baylies' Plymouth, III. 190. the orphan offspring of King Philip himself, Davis, on Morton's Memorial, 454, 455. Baylies' Plymouth, III. 190, 191. were all doomed to the same hard destiny of perpetual bondage. The clans of Virginia and Carolina, Hening, i. 481, 482. The act, forbidding the crime, proves, what is indeed undisputed, its previous existence. Lawson's Carolina. Charmers, 542. for more than a hundred years, w
John Locke (search for this): chapter 9
y of black men is as iniquitous as that of Indians; and he feared the wrath of divine justice for having favored the importation of negro slaves into the western hemisphere. But covetousness, and not a mistaken compassion, established the slave trade, which had nearly received its development before the voice of charity was heard in defence of the Indians. Reason, Inter dominum et servum nulla amicitia est; etiam in pace belli tamen jura servantur. Quintus Curtius, l. VII. c. VIII. John Locke, who sanctioned slavery in Carolina, gives a similar definition of it. The perfect condition of slavery is the state of war continued between a lawful conqueror and a captive. Compare, also, Montesquieu de l'esprit des Lois, l. XV. c. v., on negro slavery. policy, and religion, alike condemned the traffic. A series of papal bulls had indeed secured to Chap. V.} the Portuguese the exclusive commerce with Western Africa; but the slave-trade between Africa and America was, I believe, nev
Mackintosh (search for this): chapter 9
nding period, in Ireland, the crowded exportation of Irish Catholics was a frequent event, and was attended by aggravations hardly inferior to the usual atrocities of the African slave-trade. Lingard, XI. 131,132. In 1685, when nearly a thousand of the prisoners, condemned for participating in the insurrection of Monmouth, were sentenced to transportation, men of influence at court, with rival importunity, scrambled for the convicted insurgents as a merchantable commodity. Dalrymple. Mackintosh, Hist. of the Revolution of 1688. The condition of apprenticed servants in Virginia differed from that of slaves chiefly in the duration of their bondage; and the laws of the colony favored their early enfranchisement. Hening, i. 257. But this state of labor easily admitted the introduction of perpetual servitude. The commerce of Virginia had been at first monopolized by the company; but as its management for the benefit of the corporation led to frequent dissensions, it was in 16
Thucydides (search for this): chapter 9
ditions of Greece, the existence of slavery is older. The wrath of Achilles grew out of a quarrel for a slave; the Grecian dames had crowds of servile attendants; the heroes before Troy made excursions into the neighboring villages and towns to enslave the inhabitants. Greek pirates, roving, like the corsairs of Barbary, in quest of men, laid the foundations of Greek commerce; each commercial town was a slave-mart; and every cottage near the sea-side was in danger from the kidnapper. Thucydides, l. i. c. v. Greeks enslaved each other. The Chap. V.} language of Homer was the mother-tongue of the Helots; the Grecian city that made war on its neighbor city, exulted in its captives as a source of profit; Arist. Pol., l. i. c. 2, censures the practice, which was yet the common law. the hero of Macedon sold men of his own kindred and language into hopeless slavery. The idea of universal free labor had not been generated. Aristotle had written that all mankind are brothers; yet t
Jesus Christ (search for this): chapter 9
ng of Valencia, in Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores; Londini, 1652, i. 580. Cum autem omnes liberos natura creasset, nullus conditione nature fuit subditus servituti. But the slave-trade had never relented among the Mahometans: the captive Christian had no alternative but apostasy or servitude, and the captive infidel was treated in Christendom with corre- Chap. V.} sponding intolerance. In the days of the crusaders, and in the camp of the leader whose pious arms redeemed the sepulchre of Christ from the mixed nations of Asia and Lybia, the price of a war-horse was three slaves. The Turks, whose law forbids the enslaving of a Mahometan, still continue to sell Christian captives; and we have seen, that the father of Virginia had himself tasted the bitterness of Turkish bondage. All this might have had no influence on the destinies of America, but for the long and doubtful struggles between Christians and Moors in the west of Europe; where, for more than seven centuries, and in mo
ul III., in two separate briefs, See the brief, in Remesal, Hist. de Chiappa, l. III. c. XVI. XVII. imprecated a 1537. June 10. curse on the Europeans who should enslave Indians, or any other class of men. It even became usual for Spanish vessels, when they sailed on a voyage of discovery, to be attended by a priest, whose benevolent duty it was, to prevent the kidnapping of the aborigines. T. Southey's West Indies, i. 126. The legislation of independent America has been emphatic Walsh's Appeal, 306—342. Belknap's Correspondence with Tucker, i. Mass. Hist. Coll. IV. 190—211. in denouncing the hasty avarice which entailed the anomaly of negro slavery in the midst of liberty. Ximenes, the gifted coadjutor of Ferdinand and Isabella, the stern grand inquisitor, the austere but ambitious Franciscan, saw in advance the danger which it required centuries to reveal, and refused to sanction the introduction of negroes into Hispaniola; believing Irving, III. 374, 375. that the
Edwin Sandys (search for this): chapter 9
representation of the interests to be affected. While the commissioners were urging the Virginians to renounce their right to the privileges which they exercised so well, the English parliament assembled; and a gleam of hope revived in the company, as it forwarded an elaborate petition Stith, 324—328. to the grand inquest of the kingdom. It is a sure proof of the unpopularity of the corporation, that it met with no support from the commons; Chalmers, 65,66. Burk, i. 291. but Sir Edwin Sandys, more intent on the welfare of Virginia than the existence of the company, was able to secure for the colonial staple complete protection against foreign tobacco, by a petition of grace, Stith, 328, refers to the nine grievances; erroneously. See Cobbett's Parl. Hist. i. 1489—1497. The commons acted by petition. Hazard, i. 193. which was followed by a royal proclamation. Hazard, i. 193—198. Sept 29 The people of England could not have given a more earnest proof of their dispo<
rew out of a quarrel for a slave; the Grecian dames had crowds of servile attendants; the heroes before Troy made excursions into the neighboring villages and towns to enslave the inhabitants. Greek pirates, roving, like the corsairs of Barbary, in quest of men, laid the foundations of Greek commerce; each commercial town was a slave-mart; and every cottage near the sea-side was in danger from the kidnapper. Thucydides, l. i. c. v. Greeks enslaved each other. The Chap. V.} language of Homer was the mother-tongue of the Helots; the Grecian city that made war on its neighbor city, exulted in its captives as a source of profit; Arist. Pol., l. i. c. 2, censures the practice, which was yet the common law. the hero of Macedon sold men of his own kindred and language into hopeless slavery. The idea of universal free labor had not been generated. Aristotle had written that all mankind are brothers; yet the thought of equal enfranchisement never presented itself to his sagacious u
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