I.“quamde pro quam usos esse antiquos, cum multi veteres testimonio sunt, tum Ennius ... et Lucretius (1, 640),” Fest. p. 261 Müll.; cf. Enn. Ann. v. 29, and v. 139 Vahl. So, too, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.), adv. qui, in what manner, how, how much, as much as: “quam nihil praetermittis in consilio dando! quam nihil tamen, quod tibi placeat, explicas!” Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1: “ut se accusari nolunt! quam cupiunt laudari!” id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: “quam multa, quam paucis!” id. Fam. 11, 24, 1: “quam sint morosi, intellegi potest,” id. ib. 7, 15, 1: “quam vellet, cunctaretur,” id. Div. 1, 26, 56: “memoriā tenetis, quam valde universi admurmurarint,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: “quam quisque potest,” as much as each one can, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 75: “quam potuit,” as far as he was able, Val. Max. 4, 1, 5.—With possum and a sup.: “concede huc ab isto, quam potest longissime,” as far as possible, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 81: “quam possunt mollissime,” as gently as possible, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129.—Also without possum: “quam maximas, quam primum, quam saepissime gratias agere,” Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 5: “ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,” Caes. B. C. 3, 45.— With posit. (post-Aug.): “tum Manlius ... quam poterat clarā voce denuntiavit,” Val. Max. 6, 4, 1; 3, 2, 1 ext.; 4, 5, 1: “dixi de philosophiā quam breviter potui,” Lact. 3, 17, 1: “tusa cribrataque vino, quam possit excellenti,” as excellent as possible, Plin. 20, 24, 100, § 264; 18, 28, 68, § 274.—
B. In dependent clauses, indirect questions, etc.: “est fidei nostrae, declarare, quam memores simus,” Cic. Phil. 14, 11, 29: “scio, quam timida sit ambitio,” id. Mil. 16, 42: “quam id ratum sit, tu judicabis,” id. Att. 6, 1, 7: “id quam injustum esset, non videbat,” id. Off. 3, 21, 82: “dici non potest quam sim disputatione tuā delectatus,” id. Tusc. 2, 4, 10; id. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52; id. Fin. 1, 11, 37; 1, 20, 65; 5, 12, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47; 2, 1, 21, § 52; 2, 4, 44, § 98: “videte quam iniqui sint,” Sall. J. 85, 25; 62, 9: “ut sentias quam vile sit corpus,” Liv. 2, 12, 3; 24, 5, 2; Nep. Timoth. 4, 2.—
II. In partic.
A. In comparisons, as, than.
1. With tam: “tam ego ante fui liber, quam gnatus tuos,” Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 60; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 11: “si era me sciat tam socordem esse quam sum,” id. Cist. 4, 2, 5: “tua est imago: tam consimilis est, quam potest,” id. Men. 5, 9, 4: “tam esse clemens tyrannus quam rex importunus potest,” Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; id. Div. 1, 6, 10 et saep.; v. tam.—
2. With ellipsis of corresp. tam: “homo non, quam isti sunt, gloriosus,” not so celebrated as those, Liv. 35, 49: “claris majoribus, quam vetustis,” rather than, Tac. A. 4, 61.—
3. With sup. and a corresp. tam, by how much the more, the more: quam acerbissima olea oleum facies, tam oleum optimum erit, the bitterer the olives, the better will be the oil, Cato, R. R. 65, 1: “quam paucissimos reliqueris, tam optimi fiunt,” Varr. R. R. 2, 9: “quam quisque pessume fecit, tam maxume tutus est,” Sall. J. 31, 14.—
4. With magis: “quam magis ... tam magis,” the more ... the more, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5.—With tam omitted: “quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis,” Verg. G. 3, 309.— With the second magis omitted: “quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,” Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6.— “In the reverse order: tam magis ... quam magis,” the more ... the more, Verg. A. 7, 787. —
5. With tanto: “quam magis ... tanto magis,” the more ... the more, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 19; so Lucr. 6, 460.—
6. With a double comp.: “ne libentius haec in illum evomere videar, quam verius,” with more freedom than truth, Cic. Mil. 29, 78: “non acrior quam pertinacior impetus Romanorum,” Liv. 31, 35: “discrimen me occupavit, meliore hostium quam meo tempore,” Curt. 7, 7, 9.—
7. Tam ... quam, with the comp. for the posit., so ... as: “per dexteram te istam oro non tam in bellis et proeliis, quam in promissis et fide firmiorem,” Cic. Deiot. 3, 8.—
8. After comparatives or words of comparison, than: “nobis nihil est tlmendum magis quam ille consul,” Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: “his igitur, quam physicis potius credendum existimas?” id. Div. 2, 16, 37; Cassius ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 1; Cic. Pis. 26, 62: “majorem pecuniam praetori polliceri, quam quantam hic dedisset,” Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: “qui plures milites eorum occidisset, quam quot superessent,” Liv. 35, 12.—So after verbs which imply comparison, verbs of preference, excellence, etc.; after praestat, Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 4; after malo: “esse quam videri bonus malebat,” Sall. C. 54, 5: “an est quod ego malim quam?” Cic. Par. 1; after statuo, Nep. Dat. 8, 1; after probo, Tac. A. 1, 58; after volo ( = βούλομαι ἤ), Liv. 3, 68, 11; 25, 29, 6.— Rarely quantus is used to strengthen quam, after comp.: “de re majore quam quanta ea esset,” Liv. 30, 23, 2: “implere homines certioris spei, quam quantam fides promissi humani subicere solet,” id. 26, 19, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.; “22, 2, 19.— But quam is often omitted after plus, minus, amplius, etc., without changing the case: minus duo milia hominum effugerunt,” Liv. 24, 16, 4: “plus partem dimidiam hominum caesam,” id. 36, 40, 5; cf. id. 29, 25, 2: “cum decem haud plus milibus militum,” id. 28, 1, 5: “ut hoc nostrum desiderium ne plus sit annuum,” Cic. Att. 5, 1, 1: “ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,” id. Tusc. 2, 16, 37: “plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,” Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45; Prop. 2, 19, 18 (3, 17, 32); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 485.—
9. With sic (poet.): “quam multā grandine nimbi Culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros pulsat, etc.,” Verg. A. 5, 458.— With sic omitted, Verg. A. 6, 309 sqq.—
10. After aeque, so much ... as: “nihil aeque eos terruit, quam robur ac color imperatoris,” Liv. 28, 26.—
11. After contra, otherwise ... than, not so ... as: “contra faciunt, quam professi sunt,” Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11.— So after secus: “ne me secus honore honestes quam ego te,” Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50. —
12. After alius, with a preceding negative, not otherwise than, no other than: “nil aliud agens quam ut, etc.,” nothing else than, Liv. 44, 27, 12: “neque aliud totā urbe agi quam bellum apparari,” id. 4, 26, 12; Nep. Hann. 10, 1: “ob nullam aliam causam, quam ne,” from no other cause than, Liv. 45, 25; 34, 2, 12. — Rarely with alius affirmatively (for ac): “ipse me paulum in aliā quam prius habuerim opinione nunc esse confiteor,” Quint. 3, 6, 63. —
13. After aliter, otherwise than: “ne aliter, quam ego velim, meum laudet ingenium,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 24: “ne aliter quam si, etc.,” Col. 4, 2, 2.—
15. After ultra: “ultra, quam satis est, producitur,” farther than, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26.—
16. After diversum, otherwise than: “pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,” something altogether different from what, Quint. 1, 4, 29; cf., after advorsum, only Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 139 Brix ad loc.—
17. After words denoting number or quantity, which serve for comparison: dimidium tributi quam quod regibus ferre soliti erant, populo Romano pendere, the half of what, half as much as, Liv. 45, 18: “multiplex, quam pro numero, damnum est,” too great for, greater than, id. 7, 8: “ferramenta duplicia, quam numerus servorum exigit,” twice as many as, Col. 1, 8, 8.—So, too, after designations of time: “die vigesimā, quam creatus erat, dictaturā se abdicavit,” on the twentieth day after, Liv. 6, 29: tabellarii venerunt post diem sextum, quam a vobis discesserant, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1: “postridie venissemus, quam ... fuissemus,” Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 9: “postero die quam illa erant acta,” id. de Or. 2, 3, 12: “saeculis multis ante ... inventa sunt, quam, etc.,” id. ib. 2, 5, 21. —
18. After the sup.: “bellum gerere cum tyranno, quam qui unquam, saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,” the most cruel that ever was, Liv. 34, 32.—
19. So with rel. and sup. after tam: “tam gratum mihi id erit, quam quod gratissimum,” Cic. Fam. 13, 3: “tam sum amicus rei publicae quam qui maxime,” id. ib. 5, 2, 6: “ego sum tam mitis, quam qui lenissimus,” id. Sull. 31, 87.—
20. Sometimes with magis or potius to be supplied, more ... than: “tacita mulier semper, quam loquens,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70 dub.: “pacem quam bellum probabam,” Tac. A. 1, 58. —
B. In mere intensive expressions, exceedingly, very, quite, indeed: “admodum quam saevos est,” very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43: “nimis quam formido, ne, etc.,” id. Most. 2, 2, 79: “nimis quam cupio,” id. Capt. 1, 2, 17: “quam familiariter,” Ter. And. 1, 1, 109: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, very few indeed, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3: “mire quam,” Cic. Att. 1, 11, 3: “sane quam refrixit,” id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5.
