I.conj., though, although, albeit; ante-class. always, and in class. prose regularly joined with indic.; by Cic. rarely with the subj., and usu. when the general idea would demand the subj. (as potential, conditional, consecutive, etc.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 574; Madv. § 361, A, 3; and v. esp. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 696 sq.).
(α).
With indic.: quamquam blandā voce vocabam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.): “quamquam libenter escis alienis studes,” Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 8; id. Mil. 4, 8, 44: “quamquam est scelestus,” Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5: “quamquam id est minime probandum,” Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42; 1, 4, 7; id. Ac. 2, 6, 16; 1, 9, 34: “quamquam non venit ad finem tam audax inceptum, tamen, etc.,” Liv. 10, 32: “Romani, quamquam fessi erant,” Sall. J. 53: “quamquam festinas, non est mora longa,” Hor. C. 1, 28, 35 et saep.—
(β).
With subj.: “quamquam illa ipsa exclamatio Non potest melius sit velim crebra,” Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: “quamquam sint in quibusdam malis, tamen, etc.,” id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85: “quamquam ne id quidem suspicionem coitionis habuerit,” although even that gave rise to no suspicion, id. Planc. 22, 53; id. de Or. 2, 1, 1: “Romanis, quamquam procul a patriā pugnarent, etc.,” Liv. 23, 29, 7: “quamquam nonnullis leve visum iri putem,” Nep. Att. 13. 6: “quamquam moveretur his vocibus,” Liv. 36, 34, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 6, 9, 6; 45, 17, 7.—
(γ).
Ellipt., with an adj. or part.: “bellum atque arma, quamquam vobis invisa, tamen quia Lepido placent, sumenda sunt,” Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 48, 2: “acri viro, et quamquam advorso populi partium, famá tamen aequabili,” id. J. 43, 1 Dietsch: “omnia illa, quamquam expetenda, etc.,” Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 68: “curam adhibere, quamquam difficili in re,” id. Fam. 2, 7, 3; 5, 3, 4; Liv. 4, 53, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.—
(δ).
With a subj.-clause: “quamquam ne impudicitiam quidem nunc abesse Pallante adultero,” Tac. A. 12, 65, 3.—
II. In partic., as a rhetor. particle of transition, inobjections made by the speaker himself, although, however, yet, nevertheless, notwithstanding: “quamquam, quem potissimum Herculem colamus, scire sane velim,” Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42: “quamquam quid loquor,” id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: “quamquam te quidem quid hoc doceam,” id. de Or. 2, 47, 197; id. Phil. 2, 16, 42: “quamquam o! sed superent, etc.,” Verg. A. 5, 195.
