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DEFINITIONS
SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDS
THE SUBJECT
OMISSION OF THE SUBJECT
CASE OF THE SUBJECT: THE NOMINATIVE
THE PREDICATE
CONCORD OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATE
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF NUMBER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF GENDER
PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF PERSON
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
THE ARTICLE
—
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
PRONOUNS
THE CASES
PREPOSITIONS
THE VERB: VOICES
VERBAL NOUNS
THE PARTICIPLE
VERBAL ADJECTIVES IN
-τέος
SUMMARY OF THE FORMS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES: COÖRDINATION AND SUBORDINATION
SYNTAX OF THE COMPOUND SENTENCE
SYNTAX OF THE COMPLEX SENTENCE
CLASSES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
DEPENDENT SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES
(
2574
-
2635
)
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (QUESTIONS)
INDIRECT (DEPENDENT) QUESTIONS
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
PARTICLES
SOME GRAMMATICAL AND RHETORICAL FIGURES
section:
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Table of Contents:
Part I: Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Accent
Part II: Inflection
Part IV: Syntax
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
[*] 1940. Aorist for Perfect.—In Greek the aorist, which simply states a past occurrence, is often employed where English uses the perfect denoting a present condition resulting from a past action. Thus, παρεκάλεσα ὑ_μᾶς, ἄνδρες φίλοι I (have) summoned you, my friends X. A. 1.6.6, ὁ μὲν τοίνυν πόλεμος ἁπάντων ἡμᾶς τῶν εἰρημένων ἀπεστέρηκεν: καὶ γὰρ πενεστέρους ἐποίησε καὶ πολλοὺς κινδύ_νους ὑπομένειν ἠνάγκασε καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας διαβέβληκε καὶ πάντας τρόπους τεταλαιπώρηκεν ἡμᾶς now the war has deprived us of all the blessings that have been mentioned; for it has made us poorer, compelled us to undergo many dangers, has brought us into reproach with the Greeks, and in every possible way has caused us suffering I. 8.19. Sometimes the aorist is chosen because of its affinity to the negative, as τῶν οἰκετῶν οὐδένα κατέλιπεν ἀλλ᾽ ἅπαντας πέπρα_κε he (has) left not one of his servants, but has sold them all Aes. 1.99. This aorist is sometimes regarded as a primary tense. a. Where an active transitive perfect is not formed from a particular verb, or is rarely used, the aorist takes its place: ““Φεραίων μὲν ἀφῄρηται τὴν πόλιν καὶ φρουρὰ_ν ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει κατέστησεν” he has deprived the Pheraeans of their city and established a garrison in the acropolis” D. 7.32 (καθέστα^κε transitive is not classic). So ἤγαγον is used for ἦχα. b. In Greek of the classical period the aorist and perfect are not confused though the difference between the two tenses is often subtle. Cp. D. 19.72 with 19. 177.
American Book Company, 1920.
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- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 1.pos=2.2
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