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chapter:
section:
FIRST DECLENSION (STEMS IN
α_
)
CONTRACTS (FEMININES AND MASCULINES)
SECOND DECLENSION (STEMS IN
ο
)
CONTRACTED SUBSTANTIVES
ATTIC DECLENSION
THIRD DECLENSION
IRREGULAR DECLENSION
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS
ADJECTIVES OF THE CONSONANT DECLENSION
CONSONANT AND VOWEL DECLENSION COMBINED
DECLENSION OF PARTICIPLES
ADJECTIVES OF IRREGULAR DECLENSION
ADJECTIVES OF ONE ENDING
subsection:
FORMATION OF CASES: NOMINATIVE SINGULAR
ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR
VOCATIVE SINGULAR
DATIVE DUAL AND PLURAL
ACCUSATIVE PLURAL
ACCENT, STEM FORMATION, QUANTITY, GENDER
STEMS IN A LABIAL (
π, β, φ
) OR IN A PALATAL (
κ, γ, χ
)
STEMS IN A DENTAL (
τ, δ, θ
)
B. NEUTERS WITH STEMS IN
τ
AND IN
α_τ
VARYING WITH
ας
STEMS IN A LIQUID (
λ, ρ
) OR A NASAL (
ν
).
STEMS IN A LIQUID (
λ, ρ
) OR A NASAL (
ν
)—
Concluded
STEMS IN
ερ
VARYING WITH
ρ
STEMS IN SIGMA (
ες, ας, ος
)
STEMS IN
ος
STEMS IN
ω
(
ϝ
)
STEMS IN
ι
AND
υ
STEMS IN
ευ, αυ, ου
STEMS IN
οι
CASES IN
-φι
(
ν
)
This text is part of:
Table of Contents:
Part I: Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Accent
Part II: Inflection
Part IV: Syntax
ADVERBIAL COMPLEX SENTENCES
(
2193
-
2487
)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
2488-
2573
)
[*] 255. Gender.—The gender of substantives of the third declension is frequently known by the last letters of the stem. 1. Masculine are stems ending in a. ντ: ὀδούς tooth (ὀδοντ-), δράκων serpent (δρακοντ-). b. ητ, ωτ: πένης day-labourer (πενητ-), γέλως laughter (γελωτ-). Exceptions. Stems in -τητ (2, b): ἡ ἐσθής dress (ἐσθητ-), τὸ φῶς light (φωτ-). c. ν: λειμών meadow (λειμον-). Exceptions. Fem.: stems in γον, δον (2, a), and φρήν mind (φρεν-), ἴ_ς strength (ἰ_ν-), ῥί_ς nose (ῥι_ν-), ἀκτί_ς ray (ἀκτι_ν-), γλωχί_ς arrow-point (γλωχι_ν-), ὠδί_ς birth-pang (ὠδι_ν-), εἰκών image (εἰκον-), ἠϊών shore (ἠϊον-), χθών earth (χθόν-), χιών snow (χιον-), ἀλκυών halcyon (ἀλκυον-), etc., ὁ, ἡ χήν goose (χην-). d. ρ: θήρ wild beast (θηρ-), φώρ thief (φωρ-). Exceptions. Fem.: χείρ hand (χερ-), κήρ fate (κηρ-), γαστήρ belly (γαστερ-); neut.: stems in αρ (3, a), πῦρ fire (πυρ-), and the indeclinable πέλωρ monster, τέκμωρ (Hom) token, etc. e. ευ: γονεύς parent, φονεύς murderer. 2. Feminine are stems ending in a. γον, δον: σταγών drop (σταγον-), χελι_δών swallow (χελι_δον-). b. τητ, δ, θ: κακότης baseness (κακοτητ-), ἔρις strife (ἐριδ-), ἐλπίς hope (ἐλπιδ-). Exceptions. Masc.: πούς foot (ποδ-), ὁ, ἡ ὄρνι_ς bird (ὀρνι_θ-). c. ι, υ with nom. in -ις, -υς: πόλι-ς city, ἰσχύ_-ς strength. Exceptions. Masc.: ὄφι-ς serpent, ἔχι-ς viper, ὄρχι-ς testicle; βότρυ-ς cluster of grapes, ἰχθύ_-ς fish, μῦ-ς mouse, νέκυ-ς corpse, στάχυ-ς ear of corn, πέλεκυ-ς axe, πῆχυ-ς fore-arm; and ὁ, ἡ σῦ-ς or ὗ-ς swine. d. οι: ἠχώ echo, πειθώ pèrsuasion. 3. Neuter are stems ending in a. ατ, αρ: πρᾶγμα thing (πρα_γματ-), νέκταρ nectar (νεκταρ-). But ὁ ψά_ρ starling. b. ας, ες (with nom. in -ος): κρέας flesh (κρεασ-), γενος race (γενεσ-). c. ι, υ with nom. in -ι, -υ: σίνα_πι mustard, ἄστυ city. N.—No stem ending in π, β, φ or κ, γ, χ is neuter.
American Book Company, 1920.
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- Raphael Kühner, Friedrich Blass, Ausführliche Grammatik der Griechischen Sprache, Dritte Deklination.
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