Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

Appendix: List of Verbs

THIS List in general includes the common verbs showing any formal peculiarity of tense. The forms printed in heavy-faced type belong to standard Attic, that is, to the language used in common speech and in ordinary prose; others are poetical, doubtful, dialectal or late. Many regular forms are omitted because they do not appear in the classical writers; though their non-appearance in the extant texts may often be accidental. Later forms are usually excluded, but reference is made to Aristotle, and to Hippocrates, though many works ascribed to him are of later date. The determination of the forms of Attic prose as distinguished from those of poetry is often difficult because of insufficient evidence, and in many cases certainty is not to be attained. The tenses employed in the dialogue parts of Aristophanes and other early writers of Attic comedy are usually to be regarded as existing in the spoken language except when the character of the verb in question is such as to indicate borrowing from Epic or tragedy. Sometimes a tense attested only in tragedy and in Attic prose of the latter part of the fourth century may have been used in the best Attic prose. The expression in prose means in Attic prose.

A prefixed hyphen indicates that a form used in prose is attested generally, or only, in composition; and that a poetical form occurs only in composition. Rigid consistency would have led to too great detail; besides, many tenses cited as existing only in composition may have occurred also in the simple form. For the details of usage on this and other points the student is referred to Veitch, Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defective, and to Kühner-Blass, Griechische Grammatik.

The tenses cited are those of the principal parts (369). Tenses inferred from these are omitted, but mention is made of the future perfect, future passive, and of the future middle when it shows a passive sense.

An assumed form is marked by * or has no accent; the abbreviations aor. and perf. denote first aorist and first perfect; of alternative forms in ττ or σς (78), that in ττ is given when the verb in question belongs to the classical spoken language. In the citation of Epic forms, futures and aorists with σς, and several other Epic peculiarities, are usually not mentioned.

The appended Roman numerals indicate the class (497-529) to which the present system of each verb belongs; all verbs not so designated belong to the first class (498-504).

At the end of an item, "LSJ" marks a link to the verb's definition in the Greek-English Lexicon.

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Verbs beginning with α

*ἀάω (ἀϝα-ω), ἀάζω harm, infatuate: pres. only in mid. ἀᾶται; aor. α?ασα (α?α_σα or α?ασσα), ἆσα, α?ασάμην (and ἀα_σάμην or ἀασσάμην) erred; aor. pass. ἀάσθην; v. a. in ἀ-α?ατος, ἀ-α?α_τος, ἄν-α_τος. Chiefly Epic. LSJ

ἀγάλλω (ἀγαλ-) adorn, honour (act. in Com. poets): ἀγαλῶ, ἤγηλα; mid. ἀγάλλομαι glory in, only pres. and imperf. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

ἄγα-μαι admire (725): aor. ἠγάσθην (489 e), rarely ἠγασάμην, v. a. ἀγαστός. Epic fut. ἀγάς（ς）ομαι, Epic aor. ἠγας（ς）άμην. Hom. has also ἀγάομαι admire and ἀγαίομαι (ἀγα- for ἀγασ-) envy, am indignant at or with. (Attic) LSJ

ἀγγέλλω (ἀγγελ-) announce: ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην, ἀγγελθήσομαι, ἀγγελτός. 2 aor. pass. ἠγγέλην rarely on Att. inscr. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

ἀγείρω (ἀγερ-) collect: ἤγειρα. Epic are aor. mid. ξυν-ηγειράμην; 2 aor. mid. ἀγέροντο assembled, ἤγρετο (MSS. ἔγρετο), ἀγερέσθαι, 425 a, D. (some read with MSS. ἀγέρεσθαι), ἀγρόμενος; plup. 3 pl. ἀγηγέρατο; aor. pass. ἠγέρθην. Epic by-form ἠγερέθομαι. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

ἀγι_νέω Epic and Ion. = ἄγω. Inf. ἀγι_νέμεναι Epic. (Attic) LSJ

ἀγνοέω not to know: regular, but ἀγνοήσομαι as pass. (808). Hom. ἀγνοιέω. (Attic) LSJ

ἄγ-νυ_μι (ἀγ- for ϝαγ-, 733) break, in prose generally κατα?γνυ_μι, κατα_γνύω in all tenses: -άξω, -έα_ξα (431), 2 perf. -έα_γα (443), 2 aor. pass. -εα?γην (434). -ακτός. Epic aor. ἦξα, and 2 aor. pass. ἐα?́γην and α?̓́γην; Ion. 2 perf. ἔηγα. (IV.) (Attic) LSJ

ἄγω lead: ἄξω, 2 aor. ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην, ἀχθήσομαι, ἀκτέος. Fut. mid. ἄξομαι, also = fut. pass. (809). Aor. ἦξα suspected in Att., Hom. ἀξάμην: Hom. has mixed aor. ἄξετε, ἀξέμεναι, ἀξέμεν (542 D.). (Attic) LSJ

α?δε- or α?δε- be sated in Epic aor. opt. α?δήσειεν and perf. α?δηκότες. LSJ

ᾁδω sing: ᾁσομαι (806), ᾖσα, ᾖσμαι, ᾔσθην, ᾀστέος. Uncontracted forms in Epic and Ion. are ἀείδω, ἀείσω and ἀείσομαι, ἤεισα. (Attic) LSJ

ἀε- rest, sleep: Epic aor. ἄεσα, ἆσα. LSJ

ἀείρω: see αἴρω. (Attic) LSJ

ἀέξω: Hom. for αὔξω (αὐξάνω). (Attic) LSJ

ἄημι (ἀη-, ἀε-, 724, 741) blow: 3 s. ἄησι, 3 du. ἄητον, 3 pl. ἀεῖσι, inf. ἀήμεναι, ἀῆναι, part. ἀείς, imperf. 3 s. ἄη; mid. pres. ἄηται, part. ἀήμενος, imperf. ἄητο. Poetic, chiefly Epic. LSJ

αἰδέομαι (αἰδε- for αἰδεσ-) respect, feel shame: αἰδέσομαι (488 a), ᾔδεσμαι (489 c), ᾐδέσθην, αἰδεσθήσομαι rare (812), ᾐδεσάμην pardon a criminal in prose, otherwise Tragic. Imper. αἰδεῖο Hom. (650). Poetic αἴδομαι. (Attic) LSJ

αἰκίζομαι outrage: αἰκιοῦμαι, ᾐκισάμην, ᾔκισμαι, ᾐκίσθην was outraged. αἰκίζω act. plague poetic. Epic ἀεικίζω. 512. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

αἰνέω praise, usu. comp. w. ἐπί, παρά, etc., in prose: -αινέσω (in prose usu. -αινέσομαι, 488 b, 806), -ῄνεσα, -ῄνεκα, -ῄνημαι, -ῃνέθην, -αινεσθήσομαι, -αινετέος, -τός Aristotle. Epic and Lyric are αἰνήσω, ᾔνησα. (Attic) LSJ

αἴ-νυμαι take: only pres. and imperf. (αἰνύμην). Epic. (IV.) LSJ

αἱρέω (αἱρε-, ἑλ-) take, mid. choose: αἱρήσω, 2 aor. εἷλον (431), ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι (mid. or pass.), ᾑρέθην (usu. was chosen), αἱρεθήσομαι, αἱρετός, -τέος. Fut. perf. ᾑρήσομαι rare. Hdt. perf. ἀραίρηκα, ἀραίρημαι; Hom. v. a. ἑλετός. (VI.) (Attic) LSJ

αἴρω (544 c) raise: α?ρῶ, ἦρα (α?ρω, α?ραιμι, ἆρον, ἆραι, α?ρα_ς), ἦρκα, ἦρμαι, ἤρθην, α?ρθήσομαι, α?ρτέος. Ionic and poetic ἀείρω (ἀϝερ-): ἀερῶ, ἤειρα, ἠέρθην, Hom. plup. ἄωρτο (from ἠορτο) for ἤερτο. Fut. ἀροῦμαι and aor. ἠρόμην belong to ἄρνυμαι (ἀρ-) win. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

αἰσθ-άνομαι (αἰσθ-, αἰσθε-) perceive: αἰσθήσομαι, 2 aor. ᾐσθόμην, ᾔσθημαι, αἰσθητός. The by-form αἴσθομαι is doubtful. (IV.) (Attic) LSJ

ἀΐσσω rush: see ᾁττω. (Attic) LSJ

αἰσχ-υ?νω (αἰσχυν-) disgrace, mid. feel ashamed: αἰσχυνῶ, ᾔσχυ_να, ᾐσχύνθην felt ashamed, αἰσχυντέος. On fut. mid. αἰσχυνοῦμαι and fut. pass. αἰσχυνθήσομαι, see 1911. Hom. perf. pass. part. ᾐσχυμμένος. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

ἀΐω hear, with α_ usu. in Att. poets, α^ in Epic, Lyric, and in some Att. poets: imperf. Hom. ἤϊον, ἄϊον and α?ϊον, aor. ἐπ-ῇσε Hdt. (MSS. ἐπῆισε), v. a. ἐπάϊστος Hdt. Poetic and Ion. Hom. has also ἀείω, of which ἀϊών (MSS. ἀΐων) may be the 2 aor. LSJ

ἀΐω breathe out: imperf. α?ϊον Epic. LSJ

ἀκ-αχ-ίζω (ἀκαχιδ-, ἀκαχ-, ἀκαχε-, from ἀχ- redupl.) afflict, grieve: ἀκαχήσω, ἀκάχησα (rare), 2 aor. ἤκαχον, ἀκάχημαι am grieved (3 pl. ἀκηχέδαται), inf. ἀκάχησθαι (425 a, D.), part. ἀκαχήμενος and ἀκηχέμενος (425 b, (2) D.) Cp. ἀχέω, ἀχεύω, ἄχνυμαι. Epic. 512. (III.) LSJ

ἀκ-αχ-μένος (ἀκ-; cp. ἄκ-ρον peak) sharpened; Epic redupl. perf. part., with no present in use. LSJ

ἀκέομαι (ἀκε- for ἀκεσ-; cp. τὸ ἄκος cure) heal: ἠκεσάμην, ἀκεστός. Hom. has also ἀκείω. (Attic) LSJ

ἀκηδέω (ἀκηδε- for ἀκηδεσ-, 488 D.; cp. ἀκηδής uncared for) neglect: ἀκήδεσα Epic. Epic and poetic. LSJ

ἀκούω (ἀκου-, ἀκο[υγλιδε]-, 43) hear: ἀκούσομαι (806), ἤκουσα, 2 perf. ἀκήκοα (562 a), 2 plup. ἠκηκόη or ἀκηκόη, ἠκούσθην (489 e), ἀκουσθήσομαι, ἀκουστός, -τέος. (Attic) LSJ

ἀλαλάζω (ἀλαλαγ-) raise the war-cry, usu. poetic or late prose: ἀλαλάξομαι (806), ἠλάλαξα. (III.) (Attic) LSJ

ἀλάομαι wander, rare in prose: pres. Epic imper. ἀλάου (MSS. ἀλόω, 643), perf. Epic ἀλάλημαι as pres. (ἀλάλησο, ἀλάλησθαι, ἀλαλήμενος), aor. Epic ἀλήθην. (Attic) LSJ

ἀλαπάζω (ἀλαπαγ-) destroy, plunder: Epic are ἀλαπάξω, ἀλάπαξα. By-forms λαπάζω, λαπάσσω. (III.) LSJ

ἀλδαίνω (ἀλδαν-) with the by-forms ἀλδάνω, ἀλδήσκω, nourish: Epic 2 aor. (or imperf.) ἤλδανον, v. a. Epic ἄν-αλτος insatiate. Poetic. (IV.) LSJ

ἀλείφω (ἀλειφ-, ἀλιφ-) anoint: ἀλείψω, ἤλειψα, ἀπ-αλήλιφα (477 a), ἀλήλιμμαι, ἠλείφθην, ἀλειφθήσομαι, ἐξ-αλειπτέος. 2 aor. pass. ἠλίφην, ἠλείφην are doubtful. (Attic) LSJ

ἀλέξω and ἀλέκω (ἀλεξ-, ἀλεξε-, ἀλεκ-, ἀλκ-) ward off: fut. ἀλέξω poetic (rare), ἀλέξομαι Xen., Soph., ἀλεξήσω Hom., ἀλεξήσομαι Hdt.; aor. ἤλεξα Aesch., ἠλέξησα Epic, ἠλεξάμην Ion., Xen., ἠλεξησάμην (?) Xen., 2 aor. ἄλαλκον poetic (549). By-form ἀλκάθω poetic (490 D.). LSJ

ἀλέομαι avoid: aor. ἠλεάμην (43, 607). Cp. ἀλεύω. Poetic. LSJ