I. To pour, mingle, or mix together (class. in prose and poetry).
A. Prop.: “unā multa jura (cocos),” Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120; cf.: “jus confusum sectis herbis,” Hor. S. 2, 4, 67: “(venenum) in poculo, cum ita confusum esset ut secerni nullo modo posset,” Cic. Clu. 62, 173; Dig. 6, 1, 3, § 2: “cum ignis oculorum cum eo igne, qui est ob os offusus, se confudit et contulit,” Cic. Univ. 14: “cumque tuis lacrimis lacrimas confundere nostras,” Ov. H. 2, 95: “confundere crebroque permiscere mel, acetum, oleum,” Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50: “omnia arenti ramo (Medea),” Ov. M. 7, 278: “(Alpheus) Siculis confunditur undis,” mingles, Verg. A. 3, 696: “mixtum flumini subibat mare,” Curt. 9, 9, 7: “(cornua cervi contrita) pulvereae confusa farinae,” Ov. Med. Fac. 61: “aes auro,” Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5.—
B. Meton.
1. In gen., to mingle, unite, join, combine (rare): “(decorum) totum illud quidem est cum virtute confusum, sed mente cogitatione distinguitur,” Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95; so, “vera cum falsis,” id. Ac. 2, 19, 61: “est id quidem in totam orationem confundendum,” id. de Or. 2, 79, 322: “vis quaedam sentiens quae est toto confusa mundo,” id. Div. 1, 52, 118: “sermones in unum,” Liv. 7, 12, 14; cf. id. 40, 46, 13: “duo populi in unum confusi,” id. 1, 23, 2: diversum confusa genus panthera camelo ( = camelopardalis, the giraffe), Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195: “rusticus urbano confusus,” id. A. P. 213; cf.: “quinque continuos dactylos,” Quint. 9, 4, 49: “subjecta sibi vocalis in unum sonum coalescere et confundi nequiret,” id. 1, 7, 26.—Of bringing together in speech: “cuperem equidem utrumque (una dijudicare), sed est difficile confundere,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23; cf. id. Brut. 26, 100.—Poet.: “proelia cum aliquo,” Hor. C. 1, 17, 23 al.—More freq.,
2. Esp., with the idea of confounding, disarranging, to confound, confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder: “an tu haec ita confundis et perturbas, ut quicumque velit, quod velit, quo modo velit possit dedicare?” Cic. Dom. 49, 127: “omnis corporis atque animi sensus,” Lucr. 2, 946; cf. id. 2, 439: “aëra per multum confundi verba necesse'st Et conturbari vocem,” id. 4, 558: confusa venit vox inque pedita, id. 4, 562 sq.: “censeo omnis in oratione esse quasi permixtos et confusos pedes,” Cic. Or. 57, 195: “particulae primum confusae postea in ordinem adductae a mente divinā,” id. Ac. 2, 37, 118: “signa et ordines peditum atque equitum,” Liv. 9, 27, 10: “jura gentium,” id. 4, 1, 2: “priora,” Quint. 10, 5, 23: “ordinem disciplinae,” Tac. H. 1, 60; cf.: “ordinem militiae,” id. ib. 2, 93: “lusum,” Suet. Claud. 33: “annum (together with conturbare),” id. Aug. 31 et saep.: foedus, to violate (συγχέειν, Hom. Il. 4, 269), Verg. A. 5, 496; 12, 290: “summa imis,” Curt. 8, 8, 8: “imperium, promissa, preces confundit in unum,” mingles together, Ov. M. 4, 472: “jura et nomina,” id. ib. 10, 346: “fasque nefasque,” id. ib. 6, 585: “in chaos,” id. ib. 2, 299: “mare caelo,” Juv. 6, 283 (cf.: “caelum terris miscere,” id. 2, 25): “ora fractis in ossibus,” i. e. to disfigure the features, make them undistinguishable, Ov. M. 5, 58; Sen. Troad. 1117; cf.: “omnia corporis lineamenta,” Petr. 105, 10; Just. 3, 5, 11; “and vultus,” Luc. 2, 191; 3, 758; Stat. Th. 2, 232: “oris notas,” Curt. 8, 3, 13: “si irruptione fluminis fines agri confudit inundatio,” Dig. 19, 2, 31: “ossa Non agnoscendo confusa reliquit in ore,” Ov. M. 12, 251: “vultum Lunae,” to cloud, obscure, id. ib. 14, 367.—Of disordered health: “neque apparet, quod corpus confuderit,” Cels. 3, 5, 3.—
b. Trop., of intellectual confusion, to disturb, disconcert, confound, perplex (freq. after the Aug. per.; “perh. not in Cic.): audientium animos, etc.,” Liv. 45, 42, 1; 34, 50, 1: “cum confusa memoria esset,” id. 5, 50, 6: “nos (fulmina),” Quint. 8, 3, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 2: “me gravi dolore (nuntius),” id. ib. 5, 5, 1; Quint. 1, 12, 1: “intellectum,” Plin. 21, 18, 70, § 117: “inmitem animum imagine tristi,” Tac. H. 1, 44: “Alexander pudore confusus,” Curt. 7, 7, 23: “illum ingens confundit honos inopinaque turbat gloria,” Stat. Th. 8, 283; Juv. 7, 68: “diligentiam monitoris confundit multitudo,” Col. 1, 9, 7.—
II. To diffuse, suffuse, spread over (rare).
A. Prop.: “cibus in eam venam, quae cava appellatur, confunditur,” diffuses itself, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137: “vinum in ea (vasa),” Col. 12, 28 fin.: “cruorem in fossam,” Hor. S. 1, 8, 28.—
B. Trop.: “aliquid in totam orationem,” Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322: “vim quandam sentientem atque divinam, quae toto confusa mundo sit,” id. Div. 2, 15, 35: rosa ingenuo confusa rubore, suffused with, etc., Col. poët. 10, 260.—Hence, confūsus , a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2.), brought into disorder, confused, perplexed, disorderly (class. in prose and poetry): “ruina mundi,” Lucr. 6, 607; cf. “natura,” id. 6, 600: “vox,” id. 4, 562; 4, 613; cf.: “oratio confusa, perturbata,” Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 50: “stilus,” Quint. 1, 1, 28: “verba,” Ov. M. 2, 666; 12, 55; 15, 606: “suffragium,” Liv. 26, 18, 9 Drak. ad loc. (cf.: “confusio suffragiorum,” Cic. Mur. 23, 47): “confusissimus mos,” Suet. Aug. 44: “clamor,” Liv. 30, 6, 2.—With abl.: “ipse confusus animo,” Liv. 6, 6, 7; cf. id. 35, 35, 18: “maerore,” id. 35, 15, 9: “eodem metu,” Quint. 1, 10, 48: “somnio,” Suet. Caes. 7: “irā, pudore,” Curt. 7, 7, 23; cf. Ov. H. 21, 111; id. Tr. 3, 1, 81: “fletu,” Petr. 134, 6: “turbā querelarum,” Just. 32, 2, 3 al.: “ex recenti morsu animi,” Liv. 6, 34, 8.—Absol.: “Masinissa ex praetorio in tabernaculum suum confusus concessit,” Liv. 30, 15, 2: “nunc onusti cibo et vino perturbata et confusa cernimus,” Cic. Div. 1, 29, 60; Petr. 74, 10; 91, 1 al.: “confusus atque incertus animi,” Liv. 1, 7, 6: “rediit confuso voltu,” id. 41, 15, 1; Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 11: “ore confuso,” Curt. 6, 7, 18; cf.: “confusior facies,” Tac. A. 4, 63: “pavor confusior,” Plin. 7, prooem. 1. § 5.— Hence, confūsē , adv., confusedly, without order, disorderly (several times in Cic.; elsewh. rare; “not in Quint.): confuse et permiste dispergere aliquid,” Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49: “loqui,” id. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: “confuse varieque sententias dicere,” Gell. 14, 2, 17: “agere,” Cic. N. D. 3, 8, 19: “utraque res conjuncte et confuse comparata est, Auct. her. 4, 47, 60: universis mancipiis constitutum pretium,” in the lump, Dig. 21, 1, 36.—* Comp.: “confusius acta res est,” Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1.—Sup. not in use.
