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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
hough the carding-machine was well and efficiently constructed in the time of Arkwright, it was not till after several attempts by different men, Paul, Hargreaves, and Arkwright, worked in such a manner that it is difficult now to determine what share each had in the matter. It was not till twenty years after Paul's invention t feedapron, which moved at an even rate towards the throat of the machine. Arkwright invented the plan, yet in use in some cases, of rolling up the feeder with th point was to get it from the doffer. After many experiments, it appears that Arkwright hit upon the plan which is in use to the present time, the crank and comb. Ited to both. It is stated that Hargreaves obtained a sketch of it from one of Arkwright's men. Not likely; Hargreaves seems to have been made of better stuff. Theaul or John Wyatt, 1738. Spinning-jenny, Hargreaves, 1767. Water-frame, Arkwright, 1769. Power-loom, Rev. D. E. Cartwright, 1785. Cotton-gin, Eli Whitney
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
wool from the carding-machine are attenuated by passing through consecutive pairs of rollers, each successive pair rotating at a higher speed than its predecessors. The device was first invented by Leon Paul, patented 1738; and perfected by Arkwright, patent 1769. It was called a water-frame, from the circumstance that Arkwright's machinery was driven by water-power. It was named a throstle from the brisk singing or humming sound made by it. See throstle. It is used in the processArkwright's machinery was driven by water-power. It was named a throstle from the brisk singing or humming sound made by it. See throstle. It is used in the process of doubling slivers (see doubler), and is indispensable in the bobbin-andfly machine and the mule (which see). The drawing-frame, disconnected with any spinning operation, is a machine to elongate the spongy slivers produced by the carding-engine, to straighten the filaments and lay them parallel. The drawing-frame is also used to equalize slivers by condensing a number into one (see doubling), and then elongating them so as to overcome special defects. Filaments which have become doubl
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
l des Scavans, 1678. The inventor claimed that a single mill could give motion to 10 or 12 looms, and that cloth could be made by their means much wider than by the ordinary loom then in use. It does not appear to have been a practical working apparatus, and never came into use. We are indebted to Dr. Edmund Cartwright for the first practical power-loom. He was a minister of the gospel, and unacquainted with mechanics; but had his attention turned to the subject by a remark, that when Arkwright's patents expired so many persons would go into the spinning business that no hands would be found to weave the cotton. He declares that his first attempt was a most rude piece of machinery. The warp was placed perpendicularly, the reed fell with the weight of at least half a hundred weight, and the springs which threw the shuttle were strong enough to have thrown a Congreve rocket. It required the power of two men to work it. He secured his patent April 4, 1785. He then went for the f
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
esent state, in which it is automatic, and is known in some parts of England as the iron man, in allusion to its singularly deft and delicate action. The combination which gave rise to the term mule was the junction of the drawing-rollers of Arkwright with the jenny of Hargreaves. The hybrid scarcely came within the definition of a mule, which is declared by Senator Nesmith of Oregon to be a being without pride of ancestry or hope of posterity. The object of the machine is to deliver the rty was not rendered additionally miserable by vexatious litigations and hopes deferred. There seems to have been no conscience among manufacturers as to the right of property in patents during the period marked by the inventions of Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Watt. The latter two, by indomitable energy and the possession of partners of skill, capital, and business tact, survived the attack of the Ishmaelites, and left honored names and good estates. (See spinning.) Crompton's first machine co
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
, in his Diary (May, 1662), recommends trimming one's self with a pumice-stone, which I learnt of Mr. March, and I find it very easy, speedy, and pleasant. Among the Knights of the Razor are to be found enrolled the great inventors Ctesibus, Arkwright, and the great English painter, Turner; the latter was a very humble member of this ancient and honorable fraternity, and was dropped from the rolls of the order at quite an early age, having shown a degree of genius for drawing which was perha-frame); the sliver, as it issues from the last pair of rollers, being brought to the condition of a rove, roving, or slub by being slightly twisted by mechanical means, which may consist of one of the three following:— Roving-machine. a. Arkwright's plan was to conduct the silvers from the separate cans to a pair of rollers where they were coalesced (doubling), then between a pair more rapidly revolving, by which they were attenuated (drawing), and from thence the combined and lengthened
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
rollers1738 Lewis Paul's second patent1758 Arkwright's first patented spinning-frame1761 Hargreaves' spinning-jenny patent1763 Arkwright's water-frame patent1767 Arkwright's combined machines17Arkwright's combined machines1775 Crompton's mule1779 Cotton machinery introduced into France1787 Cotton machinery introduced i The next improvement, in order of time, was Arkwright's spinning-frame, which made a hard-twiste The idea, however, did not originate with Arkwright, though to him more than any other man are w789, Samuel Slater, who had been employed by Arkwright, built the first machinery on the Arkwright as a manufactory. The machinery for which Arkwright took out his patent consisted of various parat is called the water-frame or throstle. Arkwright became very wealthy, built a fine castellateg, and roving machines, 1775. The case of Arkwright vs. Nightingale, and others in which he appe38, and brought into successful operation by Arkwright in 1769. See spinning-head. Spinning-ro[17 more...]
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
through consecutive pairs of rollers, each pair in the succession revolving at a higher speed than its predecessor. Leon Paul, by patent of 1738, claimed a mode of spinning by rollers, but the device did not come into use. (See spinning.) Richard Arkwright perfected the invention and patented it in 1769. Arkwright's original spinning-frame was fed with rovings which passed between three pairs of rollers of successively increasing speed. The yarns were wound upon bobbins by means of flyersArkwright's original spinning-frame was fed with rovings which passed between three pairs of rollers of successively increasing speed. The yarns were wound upon bobbins by means of flyers. It was the culmination of several attempts, and possesses the main features of the throstle and the bobbin and flyframe in function, as well as in the relative positions of parts. See spinning, Fig. 5404, page 2271. The bobbin and fly-frame is similar in principle to the throstle, and is adapted for giving a partial twist to the sliver as delivered from the carding-machine or the doubling-frame. The slivers in cans are fed to the coarse bobbin and fly-frame, where they are reduced and p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
r. Water-engine. Wa′ter-frame. A name conferred upon the spinningmachine invented by Arkwright, and patented 1769. Water-float. The term frame was commonly applied in the midland coune throstle, or water-frame; so called because in the first cotton-mill, which was organized by Arkwright, the motive-power was a water-wheel. Draining-wheel at Laxey. Previous to the time of ArArkwright (his patents were 1769 and 1775), all the operations of cotton were done by operatives at their homes. The cotton was hand-carded, spun, and woven by men, women, and children, who took a bunottagers being in clusters around central distributing-depots, or scattered over the country. Arkwright centralized the busi- ness, and organized it in manufactories where the operations were concertedly performed. Wa′ter-twist frame. The Arkwright spinningmachine for turning rovings into yarn, the first continuously working machine for drawing, twisting, and winding. See spinning, Fig.