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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
them on the garden fence to dry. Full′ing-ma-chine′. A machine in which the operation of fulling cloth is performed. See fulling. Full′ing-mill. A common name for the fullingmachine. See fulling. Ful′mi-nate. Beckman states that fulminate of gold was discovered by a monk in the fifteenth century. This substance, which explodes more rapidly and with greater local force than gunpowder, is made by precipitating a solution of chloride of gold by an excess of ammonia. Mr. Forsyth discovered that by treating mercury as the old monk had treated gold, an equally powerful but far less expensive fulminate might be made. This be mixed with six times its weight of niter, and the result is the percussion-powder which, in the form of paste, is used for charging copper caps for fire-arms. In modern practice the proportion of niter has been much reduced. Dr. Allen tells me that something made of gold, which they call in chymistry Aurum Fulminans, a grain, I think he sa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
ed in France about 1635, and its general features do not appear to have essentially changed in the two centuries, nearly, during which it was used to the exclusion of all others. The parts corresponded to those of the percussion-lock of the present day, except that the hammer was provided with a pair of jaws for holding the flint, which was caused to strike a pivoted lip called the battery, throwing it back and dropping a shower of sparks into the pan containing the priming. In 1807 Rev. Mr. Forsyth obtained a patent in England for a fulminating powder, which was to be placed in a magazine at the breech of the gun and fired by a pin. Various modifications were devised prior to the introduction of the common copper cap, about 1816. This, however, made its way rather slowly. It was not until 1842 that the percussion lock and cap were adopted in the United States military service. The adaptation of the flint-lock to cannon was easy, it being merely necessary to secure the lock in
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
of fulminating powder inside, which is exploded by the fall of the hammer upon the nipple, communicating fire through the latter to the charge in the gun. Detonating powder or pellets were used in 1807, having been patented in England by Rev. Mr. Forsyth for use with artillery; but the charging of caps therewith was a later invention. The percussion principle had a hard struggle with the old flint-lock in the armies of Europe and America until long after it was universally adopted for sport Percussor and Pleximeter. Hoe and Tucker perfecting-press. Per-cus′sion-lock. （Fire-arms.) One in which the cock or hammer strikes a fulminate to explode the charge. The percussion principle was first applied to fire-arms by the Rev. Mr. Forsyth of Belhelvie, England, in 1803. The interior mechanism may be the same as that formerly used in the flint-lock, the shape of the hammer being altered to allow it a greater sweep, and the battery and pan replaced by a nipple or cone.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
t fire-arm. a is a matchlock of the fifteenth century, in the Museum of the Tower of London. It has a revolving breech with four chambers, which rotates on an arbor parallel to the barrel. The chamber is turned by hand. b is an arquebuse, with six chambers, each of which carries its own pan for priming powder. A movable plate covers the powder-pans and exposes them serially to the match as a given chamber comes in line with the barrel. This is an Oriental piece, and was given to Mr. Forsyth by Lord William Bentwick, the governor-general of India. c is an arquebuse, in the Tower of London, with six chambers in a revolving breech, and a flint lock. This has a sliding plate over the powder-pan. The turning of the breech is automatic. d is the arm of John Dafts, of London, and has six chambers. e is Elisha Collier's arm, patented in the United States in 1818. The charge-cylinder has five chambers, and is turned by hand. The cylinder is held between two plates, of wh
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
Dr. Sims's method is as follows: The thread is passed through both sides of the incision; the two ends are brought out together, passed through a small hole in a shot (say size No. 1); the shot is then seized with a pair of strong forceps and pushed up the ligature until it comes in close contact with the incised edges, bringing them in apposition or contact. The shot is then squeezed or pressed flat by the forceps, so that the suture is held tight. See also Staphyloraphic instruments. Forsyth suspension wagon-scale. See Dunglison's Dictionary for instances of capital operations in ligating. Sut′ure-nee′dle. Fig. 6098 shows three of several different sizes; straight and more or less curved. Suture-instruments. Sut′ure-pin con-duct′or. （Surgical.) An instrument for guiding a pin or wire employed for holding together the edges of a wound, particularly in operations on the lips and face, where it is specially desirable to avoid leaving a conspicuous scar.