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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 11 5 Browse Search
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia. 9 3 Browse Search
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H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 12: army organization—Engineers.—Their history, duties, and organization,—with a brief discussion, showing their importance as a part of a modern army organization. (search)
asants and two thousand horses, under the direction of British officers of engineers. In speaking of these defences, Colonel Pasley says: It may be easily conceived that to have directed such a great body of workmen to proper advantage, by means of sappers and miners, and the necessary fascines and gabions, would have rendered the reduction of the work certain. Colonel Pasley states that only one and a half yards of excavation, per mall, was executed in a whole night, by the untrained troopson and Military History, and by the several writers on Military Engineering. Allent, Vauban, Cormontaigne, Rocquancourt, Pasley, Douglas, Jones, Belmas, Napier, Gay de Vernon, may be referred to with advantage. Pasley, Douglas, Joues, and Napier, sPasley, Douglas, Joues, and Napier, speak in the strongest terms of the importance of engineer troops in the active operations of a war, and of the absolute necessity of organizing this force in time of peace. A list of books of reference on Military Engineering will be given at the cl
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 14: field-engineering.—Field Fortifications.—Military Communications.—Military Bridges.—Sapping, Mining, and the attack and defence of a fortified place (search)
in this chapter may be derived from the writings of Vauban, Cormontaigne, and Noizet de St. Paul, on the attack and defence of places and field fortification; the several manuels used in the French service on sapping, mining, and pontoniering; Col. Pasley's experiments on the operations of a siege, sapping, mining, &c.; Douglas's work on military bridges; Macauley's work on field fortification; and Professor Mahan's Treatise on Field Fortification. This last is undoubtedly the very best work thte de fortification souterraine. Mouze. Militairische Mittheilungen. Xilander. Die Befestigung der Statten. Hauser. Abhandlung über die Befestigungskunst, &c. Hauser Versuch über die Verschanzungskunst. Muller. Course of elementary fortification. Pasley. This is a work of much detail-useful, no doubt, to an uneducated engineer soldier, but to an officer at all acquainted with his profession, it must seem ridiculously minute. To the above list might be added a long list of books on that bran
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
ight, 360 in length, and 80 in thickness. See artesian-well; tunnel; well-boring; and Specific Indexes under civil Engineering and mining. See Raymond's Mines, mills, and furnaces : J. B. Ford & Co., N. Y., 1871. Blake's Mining machinery : New Haven, 1871. Also, Blasting and Quarrying of Stone and Blowing up of Bridges, by Lieutenant-General Sir J. Burgoyne of the English Military Engineers. No. 35 of Weale's Rudimentary Series: London. The following table from General Sir Charles Pasley's Memoranda on mining will give the means of calculating the space occupied by any given quantity of powder in round holes of different sizes, from one to six inches: — Diameter of the hole.Powder contained in one inch of hole.Powder contained in one foot of hole.Depth of hole to contain 1 lb. of powder. Inches.lb. oz.lb. oz.Inches. 10 0.4190 5.02838.197 1 1/20 0.9420 11.30416.976 20 1.6761 4.1129.549 2 1/20 2.6181 15.4166.112 30 3.7702 13.2404.244 3 1/20 5.1313 13.5723.118 40 6
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
The bob of the inner pendulum b is provided with a marking point, the outer end of which is struck by a blunt projection on the outer pendulum a, when the two pass each other, impressing a mark on a sheet of paper clamped to the are. See chronograph. E-lec′tro-blast′ing. Blasting by means of an electric or electro-magnetic battery, communicating through connecting wires with the charges of powder. It was first tried in blowing up the sunken hull of the Royal George, in 1839, by Colonel Pasley. In 1840 the plan was used in Boston Harbor by Captain Paris. In 1843, by Cubitt, for overthrowing a large section of Round-down Cliff, Kent, England, in making a portion of the Southeastern Railway. The mass dislodged weighed 400,000 tons. See blasting. E-lec′tro-chem′i-cal Tel′e-graph. A telegraph which records signals upon paper imbued with a chemical solution, which is discharged or caused to change color by electric action. Nicholson and Carlisle discovered, i
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
tes Engineer Service they are made of wood. Corrugated metal and rubber have also been employed. The British service employs either Colonel Blanchard's or Colonel Pasley's pontons. The former are cylindrical and are made of tin-plate; they have hemispherical ends, and are divided into compartments by longitudinal and transverse partitions, which serve as braces. Pasley's consist of a light timber frame covered with copper; they are transversely divided into two halves, which are united by lashings for use and separated for transportation. Each half is also divided into compartments. The whole forms a decked canoe adapted for rowing. See Ponton-bherical ends, and divided by several longitudinal and transverse partitions to act as braces and prevent their sinking if pierced by a shot or by accident. Colonel Pasley's copper ponton is also used in the same ser vice It is in the form of a decked canoe, 22 feet long, 2 feet 8 inches in width and depth. It has a timber fram
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
ing the War of the Revolution. Fulton afterward made various experiments on the subject. Rockets of large size, guided by a tube projecting from the vessel, have been tried, but without very flattering prospects of success. See submarine boat; submarine gun; torpedo. Subma-rine′ Blast′ing. （Hydraulic Engineering.) A means for the removal of submerged rocks, shoals, sunken vessels, or other impediments to navigation. The first effort in this direction was probably that of Colonel Pasley, about 1841, in blowing up the wreck of the Royal George, sunk at Spithead, England, in 1782. Fig. 6021 illustrates some of the operations for the removal of the submarine obstacles to navigation which formerly rendered that part of the East River known as Hellgate so dangerous to navigation in Long Island Sound. The principal of these were Pot Rock, on which the British frigate Hussar was wrecked at the close of the Revolutionary War, occasioning the loss of many lives and a large a<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
in, to make it more compact. General Burgoyne cites the favorable notice of sand in this connection, in the memoir of the works at Cherbourg, and also by a writer in the Journal of the Franklin Institute. He also cites the experience of General Pasley, of the English Engineers, who condemns sand as utterly unfit. An extended series of experiments were made in the granite of Dalkey, Kingstown Harbor, Ireland, in which sands of various qualities and fineness were tried, as against the bakse, the word telegraph includes all modes of communicating intelligence to a distance. The modes may be classified as, — 1. Visible. 2. Audible. 3. Tangible. 1. Of the first are:— a. Semaphores; moving or posturing arms (Chappe's; Pasley's; Popham's). b. Arrangement of disks, triangles (Edgeworth's), lanterns, arbitrary characters (Hook's). c. Waving flags or torches (Polybius) by day or night. d. Various flags disposed on signal halyards (Marine Code). e. Colored lig