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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
The result is represented to have been entirely successful. Maillefert's process in removing Way's Reef in the Hurl-Gate (Hell Gate) obstruction, on the East River, N. Y., consisted in depositing a quantity of powder on the surface of the rock to be removed, and then exploding it. There is no cumbrous apparatus used. A soundi-engine, and acting in a tube which directed its blows; the hole obtained receiving a charge of nitro-glycerine. The work of removing the obstructions in the East River has now devolved upon the United States Engineers, under General Newton. They are proceeding by building coffer-dams and driving headings. It is a regular tun Bridge, London, the Cabin John Creek Bridge, Maryland, and the Schuylkill Bridge at Philadelphia, are trophies of their kind. The suspension bridge across the East River, New York (see Frontispiece), is by far the boldest undertaking in the suspension line, nearly 600 feet greater than the now widest span, — the bridge at Cinci
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
ter; the latter introducing the annular drill-head (shown at a′, Fig. 1631), which is a steel ring studded with black diamonds. The heads of the drills used at the Mont Cenis Tunnel, and the excavations by General Newton at Hallet's Point, East River, N. Y., were of this character. Fig. 1632 represents a prospecting or open-cut drill detached from the boiler which drives it. The two oscillating engines c drive the bevel-gearing d, which rotates the drill-bar e f from 900 to 1,000 revolutionaping mud, sand, or silt from the bed of a stream, pond, or other body of water. Such are usually on endless chains. See dredging-machine. The clam-shell dredge used for removing the excavated material from the working-chamber of the East River, New York, bridge caisson, consists of a pair of scoops which are hinged to an axis and close upon the load, whether a mass of mud or gravel, or boulder of moderate size. The dredge ascends and descends in a vertical water-shaft in which the water
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
on sideways and downward to constitute a tunnel. c. A horizontal passage between the shifts or turns of the working parties. The illustration shows the headings driven into one of the submarine rocks which render the navigation of the East River, N. Y., so dangerous. a is the shaft; b, coffer-dam; c, shore line. The headings are all tunnels, and it is the intention to blow up the roof, all the rock to fall back into the cavity. Headings of submarine excavations (East River, N. Y.） East River, N. Y.） 2. (Coopering.) The pieces which compose a caskhead. The central piece is called the middle, and the side pieces the cants. 3. (Sewing.) The extension of a line of ruffling above the line of stitch. 4. (Fireworks.) The device of a signal-rocket; such as a star-heading, a bounce-heading. 5. (Masonry.) A course of headers; the ends of the stones presented outward. 6. (Books.) a. An inscription at the head of an article, written or printed. b. A running-title at the top
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
g; in the preparation the temperature of 50° should in no case be exceeded. In Mowbray's process, a current of cold, dry air is passed through the vessels in which the compound is made, for carrying off the hypo-nitrous acid and to cool and agitate the mixture. The vessels are lined with glass. This substance has been extensively used for blasting purposes; in the Mt. Cenis and Hoosac tunnels, the operations at Blossom Rock, harbor of San Francisco, in the improvements of the East River, New York, and elsewhere. (See blasting; tunnel.) Developing about ten times the explosive power of gunpowder, it requires far less drilling and operates so as to lift the rock from its bed without shattering it to such an extent. The number of fatal explosions resulting from it have been an obstacle to its more general use, but these are claimed to have resulted generally from improper manufacture, exposure to too great heat in transportation, or carelessness in handling. Mowbray's nitro-
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
The cylinder, with its working apparatus, is rotatable vertically on trunnions for varying the direction of the blows given by the drill By the pneumatic drill, the Mt. Cenis Tunnel, seven miles in length, was bored through the Alps. The Hoosac Tunnel in Massachusetts, five miles in length, was cut by the same means. Compressed air is also used in the St. Gothard Tunnel in Switzerland, lately commenced, which is to be 13 miles in length; and also in the operations at Hell-Gate, East River, N. Y. Sec submarine excavation; tunnel. Pneu-mat′ic El′e-va′tor. A hoisting device in which compressed air is the agent for lifting. See pneumatic hoist; furnace-hoist. In planing-mills, the pneumatic method is used to carry the shavings from the planers to the furnaces of the steam-boilers; in grain and wool houses, to convey the stock. Pneu-mat′ic Ham′mer. A hammer in which compressed air is the agent for lifting the helve or the head. See atmospheric hammer. Pneuma
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
the building of the Clermont. of 160 tons. This vessel was launched on the East River, and was fitted with the Boulton and Watt steam-engine, purchased for the purhe submarine obstacles to navigation which formerly rendered that part of the East River known as Hellgate so dangerous to navigation in Long Island Sound. The princd destroyed before it was practicable to test its capabilities. Section of East River at Hallett's point. Plans had been suggested by the United States Enginee openings of other tunnels are seen to the left. Fig. 6023 is a section of East River at Hallett's Point, and of one heading of the excavation, showing also the starriage-way in the center and foot-paths at each side. The bridge over the East River, now in progress, connecting the cities of New York and Brooklyn, is to have .Place.Span.Deflection.Date.Engineer. Feet.Feet. New York and Brooklyn.East River, New York.New York and Brooklyn.1,600In progressRoebling. Niagara (upper)NiagaraN