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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 28 6 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 8 12 0 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 21. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 8 0 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 2 2 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Electricity in the nineteenth century. (search)
accomplished in the following year. Even the lost cable of 1866 was found spliced to a new cable, and completed soon after as a second working line. The delicate instruments for the working of these long cables were due to the genius of Sir William Thomson, now Lord Kelvin. The number of cables joining the Eastern and Western hemispheres has been increased from time to time, and the opening of a new cable is now an ordinary occurrence, calling for little or no especial note. The introducome, before the close of the century, a most potent factor in human affairs. The speaking telephone of Alexander Graham Bell was there exhibited for the first time to the savants, among whom was the distinguished electrician and scientist Sir William Thomson. For the first time in the history of the world a structure of copper wire and iron spoke to a listening ear. The instruments were, moreover, the acme of simplicity. Within a year many a boy had constructed a pair of telephones at an exp
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
tombs of Thebes. It consists of a parchment-head strained over a funnel-shaped body of pottery, and is played like a tambourine. The cuts c e show a drum which was found in Thebes by D'Athanasi, and show how the strings were braced. The sticks d, accompanying, show that it was beaten in the modern manner. The derbekkch of modern Syria is similar to the Egyptian darabooka, as their names indicate. Much ornament is lavished upon the cases of the Syrian instruments, as may be seen in Thomson's The land and the book. Oriental nations have very imperfect ideas of melody and harmony, but are very industrious players on the drum, castanets, and tambourine, accompanied by the twanging of guitars and the clapping of hands. The invention of the drum is ascribed to Bacchus, who, according to Polygoenus, gave his signal of battle by cymbal and drum. It was, however, known in very early ages, and in some form or other among almost all nations. Drums of the barrel and kettle varie
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
ne. E-lec-trom′e-ter. An instrument to measure the amount of an electrical force. In Coulomb's torsion electrometer (a) the force opposed to that of electricity is the resistance to twisting offered by an elastic thread. In Henly's quadrant electrometer (b) the electric force is measured by the amount of repulsion which it produces upon a pith-ball attached to a silk fiber suspended from the center of a graduated are. c is the gold-leaf electroscope. See electroscope. Sir William Thomson's and Varley's electrometers are the most delicate of all, and are used in reading the insulating power of telegraph-cables. See galvanometer. Electrometers. The strength of the electric force excited by the rubbing of glass, sulphur, amber, wax, resin, etc., was measured by Gilbert by means of an iron needle (not very small) moving freely on a point, versorium electricum; very similar to the apparatus employed by Hauy and Brewster, in trying the electricity excited in differen
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
for observing the attraction or repulsion between the pole of a suspended bar magnet and that of a vertical magnet h. See Indicatortelegraph; torsion-balance. Thomson's reflecting galvanometer, b, such as is employed in working the ocean cables, consists of a small mirror with a magnet laid across its back, both together weighias a double vertical web. It is stated by Rankine to have been long employed in the platforms of blast-furnaces, and to have been first used in railway bridges by Thomson, on the Pollok and Gowan Railway, in 1832. Figs. 2228 and 2229 are forms of arched girders for bridges. The former has for an arc a flanged iron beam and tens Ephron, one of the sons of Heth. The tombs are preserved in rigid seclusion from Jew and Christian; of the latter, not one lives in the town of 5,000 people. Dr. Thomson gives an account of it in his work, The land and the book, but could not reach the vault. The manufacture consists of party-colored glass bracelets for the J
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
ution of the oil of cassia. This is poured upon the glass, and a reducing flaid of alcohol and oil of cloves applied. This causes a separation of the silver, which deposits itself upon the glass. Vohl's method of silvering the interior of globes is to cause a precipitation of nitrate of silver by the use of a solution of gun-cotton dissolved in hot caustic potash. Steinheil uses nitrate of silver, caustic ammonia, caustic soda, milk, sugar, and water. The deposit is pure silver. Thomson's method, used mostly for silvering the inside of globes and bottles, deposits from an oxide or salt of silver. Martin's process is quite similar to the last mentioned. Some looking-glasses have a dark varnish or coating at the back. These reflect only a small portion of the light. M. Salvetat has announced to the Society of Encouragement, in Paris, a process of preparing lookingglasses, in which tin-foil is replaced by platinum applied in a metallic and brilliant powder. The gla
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
t estimates the average rainfall at the equator, 96 inches; at latitude 19° 80 inches; at latitude 45°, 29 inches at latitude 60°, 17 inches. According to Professor Thomson, the average number of days on which rain falls is, between latitudes 12° and 43° north, 78; between latitudes 43° and 50° north, 103, between latitudes 50° adings at opposite points of the are, which tends to correct errors of centering and graduation. See repeating-circle. Re-flect′ing-galva-nom′e-ter. Sir William Thomson's reflecting-galvanometer consists of a very small magnet, made of a piece of watch-spring, suspended between two flat bobbins of fine insulated copper wirertional to the force and duration of the current. The figure shows the instrument employed in determining resistances in connection with Wheatstone's bridge. Thomson's reflecting-galvanometer. Re-flect′ing-lev′el. The reflecting-level represents the object as reflected upon a long surface of water in an inverte
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
1858. 19,660HendrickMar. 16, 1858. 19,532GrayMar. 2, 1858. 19,665GrayMar. 16, 1858. 20,413DimockJune 1, 1858. 20,742ThomsonJune 29, 1858. 21,015MooreJuly 27, 1858. 1. （b.) Reciprocating Loop-Taker. (continued). No.Name.Date. 21,230Buell 1859. 26,336ClarkDec. 6, 1859. 26,346DickensonDec. 6, 1859. 26,638RoweDec. 27, 1859. 27,079SmithFeb. 7, 1860. 27,082ThomsonFeb. 7, 1860. 27,260RoweFeb. 21, 1860. 27,761NewloveApr. 3, 1860. 28,176HollyMay 3, 1860. 28,538RuddickMay 29, 1860. ertaining the degree of exhaustion effected by an air-pump. Si′phon re-cord′ing-tel′e-graph. An invention of Sir William Thomson. It is used at Duxbury for recording in the Morse alphabet the signals of the French Atlantic Cable. A light tub, and 45 minutes in hauling in. The line employed is 7/8 inches in circumference, and will bear 1/2 ton weight. Sir William Thomson proposes the use of steel wire. With this, using a 30-pound lead, he states that he obtained bottom in the Bay o
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
or left of a median line; such is Wheatstone and Cooke's. The submarine telegraph, where the reflecting galvanometer of Thomson is employed, is a variety of this class. 2. The disk, dial, or step-by-step telegraph, having the letters of the alph the receiving-station to translate the vibrations thus produced into the letters of the alphabet is the office of Sir William Thomson's reflecting-galvanometer (which see). Tel′e-graph-car′riage. A vehicle provided with the apparatus necessare web of paper is of sufficient length to receive the automatic record for fourteen days. Fig. 6426 illustrates Sir William Thomson's self-registering tide-gage. It consists of a clock a supported on a stand, and which, besides keeping time, actused the machine to advance. Compare road-locomotive, road-roller, road-steamer, etc. Figs. 6587, 6588, show that of Thomson of Edinburgh, who first applied rubber tires to this class of engines, as improved by Williamson of New York. The fra
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 21. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones), A monument to Major James W. Thomson, Confederate States Artillery. (search)
iams, Charles W. McVicar, Frank Asberry, Pub Zirkle, Atkinson, Thornton, Dailey, John Hare, Crawford, Louis Morrell, William Thomson, and Pem. Thomson. Major Thomson left Captain Carter in command and went to the front near Petersburg. April 7thThomson. Major Thomson left Captain Carter in command and went to the front near Petersburg. April 7th, while leading a charge of a squad of Rosser's cavalry at High Bridge, was badly wounded. Rallying the men he charged the second time and was repulsed. Gathering a few he charged the third time and was killed. Captain Jacob Engle, living near HaMajor Thomson left Captain Carter in command and went to the front near Petersburg. April 7th, while leading a charge of a squad of Rosser's cavalry at High Bridge, was badly wounded. Rallying the men he charged the second time and was repulsed. Gathering a few he charged the third time and was killed. Captain Jacob Engle, living near Harper's Ferry, saw him shot off his horse. A comrade ran to the body and unbuckled his belt and sabre stained with blood, gave it to Captain Engle with instructions to keep it until he called for it. Captain Engel has it yet to fulfil that trust. John Dean Adams, was near when Major Thomson was killed, of our county. Major James W. Thomson's remains are buried in the third grave north of Ashby brothers in the Virginia lot in Stonewall cemetery. Three of his comrades, in June last, membe
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 8, Chapter 66: (search)
ension, rode to visit his advanced guard on the east. Here the commander, William Thomson, of Orangeburg, of Irish descent, a native of Pennsylvania, but from childteries on Long Island to open a cannonade; and several shells were thrown into Thomson's intrenchments, doing no damage beyond wounding one soldier. The firing was returned by Thomson with his one eighteen pounder; but, from the distance, with little effect. At twelve o'clock the light infantry, grenadiers, and the fifteenths. The American defences were so well constructed, the approach so difficult, Thomson so vigilant, his men such skilful sharpshooters, that had the British landed, t from his aide-de-camp Byrd, sent Muhlenberg's Virginia riflemen to reinforce Thomson. A little before five, Moultrie was able to renew his fire. At about five tho the North, and the continental congress voted their thanks to Lee, Moultrie, Thomson, and the officers and men under their command. But at the time of that vote,