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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 192 192 Browse Search
Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 34 34 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory, containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America., together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 30 30 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 27 27 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Walcott Boynton, Reader's History of American Literature 10 10 Browse Search
Medford Historical Society Papers, Volume 24. 9 9 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 9 9 Browse Search
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 1 8 8 Browse Search
George Ticknor, Life, letters and journals of George Ticknor (ed. George Hillard) 7 7 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 3 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 6 6 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1821 AD or search for 1821 AD in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
efore as a revetment or facing for fortifications; but this material was soon found unsuitable, on account of its brittleness, and consequent liability to be fractured by shot. Iron armor was suggested in the United States in 1812, in France in 1821, and was experimented upon in England in 1827 at the suggestion of General Ford, who proposed to protect fortifications by wrought-iron bars. Gregg's United States patent, March, 1814, was an iron-clad bomb-proof steam vessel, and will be noticwhich originated on the continent of Europe, and was used in England in the early part of the present century as an intermediate between the piston-rod and the axle to be driven. The power of the steam-engine, as in the Griffith Steam Carriage, 1821, is communicated from the piston-rods to the axle of the driving-wheels, through the means of sweep-rods, the lower ends of which are provided with driving pinions and detents, which operate upon toothed gear attached to the drivingwheel axle. Th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
represent units, tens, hundreds, etc. It is the usual registering-device of gas-meters, etc. Babbage commenced one at the expense of the English government, in 1821, and worked upon it till 1833, when work upon it was suspended, after an outlay of £ 15,000. The portion completed is in the library of the King's College, London.k, equal to the old ones, at a cost of $2 and upward. His descendants have been engaged in the business to the present time, and his pupil, Chauncey Jerome, since 1821. The Assembly of Connecticut, in October, 1783, awarded a patent for fourteen years to Benjamin Hanks, of Litchfield, for a self-winding clock. It was to wind n 1767 Smeaton added wheels in the fifth arch. Steam-engines were added about this time to assist at low water and at neap-tides. Thus the matter remained till 1821. The present daily supply of water to London is equal to a lake of 50 acres, 3 feet deep. Current-wheel, London, 1731. Stow, the antiquarian and historian,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
the action of the voltaic current on magnets, announced the fact that the magnetic needle was deflected by such current, exhibiting a tendency to place itself at right angles to the wire through which the current passes; and Faraday discovered in 1821 that the magnet would revolve about the conducting wire, or the latter about the magnet. The experiments of Oersted, farther extended by Ampere, and the discovery by Faraday that magnetism was induced in a bar of soft iron under the influenced more than those who built it. These are two examples of elevated railways of a certain kind. The Greenwich Railway was always worked by locomotives. The Blackwall Railway was for many years worked by stationary engines and wire ropes. In 1821, Palmer, engineer to the London Dock Company, patented a railway whose single track was elevated upon pillars, which were of such lengths as to bring the track to a level or moderate inclination, notwithstanding the inequalities in the surface of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
t water-way both above and below the piston, so as both to draw and force water at each stroke, and thus cause a continuous stream, which is rendered more uniform by an air-chamber. The invention of the force-pump is ascribed to Ctesibus of Alexandria, who is assumed to have been the tutor of Hero, who wrote so largely on hydraulics. It was also described by Vitruvius. In 1582, Peter Morice, a Dutchman, erected a pumping-engine at London Bridge, where it or its successors remained till 1821. The power was a current-wheel turned by the flow and ebb, and first placed near the bridge, then under the northern arch; afterwards three wheels were added under the third arch; Smeaton added another under the fifth arch, and afterwards a steam-engine to assist at low-water and neap tides. See current-wheel. The water-wheel of Morice worked sixteen forcepumps, each seven inches in diameter, the pistons having a stroke of thirty inches, throwing 216 gallons per minute into a cistern el
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
ined by the use of a larger proportion of sulphur and the application of greater heat. The operation of uniting several layers of the material is, however, performed with much more expedition by the use of a steam cylinder-press. Previous to 1821, it is said that india-rubber had only been brought to this country as an article of curiosity, molded into various fancy forms, as alligators and other reptiles. In that year a pair of what appeared to be solid models of shoes were brought home led by jealous shipbuilders, and an iron life-boat launched by the same person in 1817 experienced the same fate. The first iron steam-vessel launched and put to sea was projected and built for A. Manby of Staffordshire, for the river Seine, in 1821. She took in a cargo of linseed-oil and iron castings, and was navigated direct from London to Havre, and from that port proceeded to Paris, where she discharged her cargo. She navigated the Seine for many years, and may yet. The iron steambo
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
achromatic and composed of several lenses, one being of flint-glass and the other or others of crownglass. See achromatic-lens ; lens ; telescope ; eye-glass ; field-glass. Ob-ject′ive. （Optics.) That lens or combination of lenses in a microscope or telescope which brings the image of an object to a focus in order to be viewed through the eye-piece. The object-glass. Though acromatic lenses had been applied to telescopes by Dollond near the middle of the eighteenth century, yet in 1821, according to Biot, opticians regarded the construction of a good achromatic microscope as an impossibility. In 1827 Professor Amici of Modena exhibited in England and Paris a horizontal microscope whose object-glass, of large aperture, was composed of three superimposed lenses. A microscope constructed by Chevalier, on Amici's plan, was awarded a silver medal. The theory of the subject was about this time investigated by Sir John Herschel, Professor Airy, and others, and, acting on th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
. In 1792 he exhibited his panorama of London. Fulton introduced the art into France, 1799. In 1821, during the absence for repairs of the cross of St. Paul's, Barker erected an observatory at that Arts and Manufactures awarded thirty guineas to Mr. Finsley for the invention of ivory paper. 1821. T. B. Crompton in England obtained a patent for drying and finishing paper by means of a cloth ar Babbage's calculating-machine was planed on Clement's machines. Fox made a planing-machine, in 1821, to plane the cast and wrought iron bars used in lace-machines. It planed 10 feet 6 inches, 22 ie projected zodiac. A smaller planisphere of the same temple, Dendera, was removed to Paris in 1821. Visconti judged from the position of the signs that the zodiac in the ceiling of the pronaos e fourth of the produce. Evidence before committees of the British House of Commons, in 1814 and 1821, showed that the English rent was about the same. The hectemorii, poor Greeks who cultivated t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
ering with an outer layer plain or water-marked. Glynn and Appel, 1821 Mixing a copper salt in the pulp and afterward adding an alkali or a-plates, several plans have been proposed. Manby, English patent, 1821, caused a circulation of hot oil through the boiler. The oil was heiage (longitudinal section). Griffith's steam-carriage, patented 1821. The engine part of the carriage was supported on two driving-wheelon, which is kept boiling by steam heat. (See pulp-Di-Gester, pages 1821-1823). The pressure of steam in this vessel drives the alkaline solua good quality of paper is desired. See Figs. 4008-4112, and pages 1821-1823. Stray-line. （Nautical.) A portion of the logline, say with a wavy edge. The illustration (taken from Revue Medicale, for 1821, Vol. III. page 427) shows it out of proportion; it is two and a haents representing each of these forms were taken out in England from 1821 to 1825. See Ele-Vated Railway; wire-way. Sus-pen′sion-scale.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
nected by an electric circuit with a bell which sounds when the current is established. The pipe g serves for the ordinary lubrication of the journal. See also temperature-alarm; thermoscope; thermometric alarm; etc. See also testing-machine, Fig. 6330. Ther′mo-e-lec′tric Bat′tery. （Electricity.) One in which an electric current is established by applying heat or cold to one of the junctions in a circuit composed of two different metals. It was first shown by Seebeck of Berlin in 1821. See Deschanel's Natural philosophy, Part III. pages 652, 653. Thermo-electric pile. Thermo-electric pile. Figs. 6347, 6348, illustrate ordinary forms of the apparatus. Fig. 6349 shows the battery or pile of Melloni. b c are an enlarged view and a section of the elements. At the Exposition of 1867 were exhibited three batteries of this class: those of Farmer, American; Marcus, Austrain; and Ruhmkorff, French. The former consists of strips of copper and wedge-shaped blocks
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
re said to be impracticable to the velocipede, and the rider in this case must dismount and lead his factitious steed, which, however, displays great docility on such occasions. Baron de Drais' velocipede. Fig 6926, from Stewart's Anecdotes of the steam-engine, published in 1829, illustrates a sort of steam-monocycle; the mode of propulsion is not very obvious. Fig. 6927 is the bicycle of the Baron de Drais, as improved in England by Louis Gompertz, shown in the Repertory of Arts in 1821. It is propelled by a segment rack gearing in a pinion on the driving-wheel and operated by a handle in front of the rider's seat or by the feet alternately touching the ground. McKenzie's velocipede. McKenzie's cantering propeller (Fig. 6928), patent, 1864, embraces a cranked axle, arms and foot rest, so arranged that power applied by the feet of the driver shall give motion to the vehicle. This, of course, had two front wheels, but the mode of propulsion is the same as in Lallemant
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