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Browsing named entities in a specific section of George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 5, 13th edition.. Search the whole document.

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Catholics (search for this): chapter 4
ut the relations by which that country and our own reciprocally affected each other's destiny: Ireland assisting to people America, and America to redeem Ireland. The inhabitants of Ireland were four parts Boulter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 210: There are, probably, in this kingdom five Papists to at least one Protestant. Durand to Clloiseul, 30 July, 1767. Angleterre T. 474, la proportion est au moins de quatre contre un. So Arthur Young: 500,000 Protestants, two million Catholics. Tour in Ireland, II. 33. in five, certainly more than two parts in three, Burke says, more than two to one. Roman Catholics. Religion established three separate nationalities; the Anglican Churchmen, constituting nearly a tenth of the population; the Presbyterians, chiefly Scotch-Irish; and the Catholic population, which was a mixture of the old Celtic race, the untraceable remains of the few Danish settlers, and the Normans and first colonies of the English. In settling the gover
Molyneux (search for this): chapter 4
f the two kingdoms. In 1692, the Irish House of Commons claimed the sole and undoubted right to prepare and resolve the means of raising money. Journals of Irish House of Com mons for 21 Oct., 1692. In 1698, Plowden's Hist Review, i. 203. Molyneux, an Irish Protestant, and member for the University of Dublin, asserted, through the press, Molyneux: Case of Ireland, &c. the perfect and reciprocal independence of the Irish and English parliaments; that Ireland was not bound by the acts ofMolyneux: Case of Ireland, &c. the perfect and reciprocal independence of the Irish and English parliaments; that Ireland was not bound by the acts of a legislative body in which it was not represented. Two replies were written to the tract, which was also formally condemned by the English House of Commons. When Journals of the House of Commons, 22 June, 1698. in 1719 the Irish House of Lords chap. IV.} 1763. denied for Ireland the judicial power of the House of Lords of Great Britain, the British parliament, making a precedent for all its outlying dominions, enacted, that the king, with the consent of the parliament of Great Britain,
Curry (search for this): chapter 4
ime when the British parliament, by its purpose of taxing the American colonies, provoked their united population to raise the same questions, and in their turn to deny its power. But besides the conforming Protestant population, there was in Ireland another class of Protestants who shared in some degree the disqualifications of the Catholics. To Queen Anne's bill for preventing the further growth of Popery, 2 Anne. a clause was added in England, Burnet's History of His Own Times. Curry's Historical and Critical Review, II. 235. Plowden's Historical Review, i. 213. and ratified by the Irish parliament, that none should be capable of any public employment, or of being in the magistracy of any city, who did not receive the sacrament according to the English test act; Burnet's History of His Own Times. thus disfranchising the whole body of Presbyterians. At home, where the Scottish nation chap. IV.} 1763. enjoyed its own religion, the people were loyal: in Ireland, the
Drogheda (search for this): chapter 4
nt them to benefices, nor receive them into religious houses, nor entertain their bards. The mere Irish were considered as out of the king's allegiance; in war they were accounted rebels; in peace, the statute chap. IV.} 1763. book called them Irish enemies; and to kill one of them was adjudged no felony. During the long civil wars in England, English power declined in Ireland. To recover its subordination, in the year 1495, the tenth after the union of the Roses, the famous statute of Drogheda, 1495: 10 Henry VII. Compare too the explanatory Act of 3 and 4 Philip and Mary. known as Poyning's Law, from the name of the Lord Deputy who obtained its enactment, reserved the initiative in legislation to the crown of England. No parliament could from that time be holden in Ireland till the king's lieutenant should certify to the king, under the great seal of the land, the causes and considerations, and all such acts as it seems to them ought to be passed thereon, and such be affirm
Leland (search for this): chapter 4
enactment, reserved the initiative in legislation to the crown of England. No parliament could from that time be holden in Ireland till the king's lieutenant should certify to the king, under the great seal of the land, the causes and considerations, and all such acts as it seems to them ought to be passed thereon, and such be affirmed by the king and his council, and his license to summon a parliament be obtained. Such remained the rule of Irish parliaments, Speech of Sir John Davis in Leland, II. 581. and began to be regarded as a good precedent for America. The change in the relations of England to the See of Rome, at the time of the reform, served to amalgamate the Celtic Irish and the Anglo-Norman Irish; for the Catholic lords within the pale, as well as Catholic Ireland, adhered to their ancient religion. The Irish resisted the act of supremacy; and the accession of Queen Elizabeth brought the struggle to a crisis. She established the Protestant Episcopal Church by an
Bedell (search for this): chapter 4
; and wretched tenants, where not disfranchised, were so coerced in their votes at elections, that two-thirds of the Irish House of Commons were the nominees of the large Protestant proprietors of the land. In addition to this, an act of the English parliament rehearsed the dangers to be apprehended from the presence of popish recusants in the Irish parliament, and The people, saving a few British planters here and there, which were not a tenth part of the remnant, obstinate recusants. Bedell to Laud, in Burnet's Bedell. The civil wars changed the proportion. required of every member the new oaths of allegiance chap. IV.} 1763. and supremacy and the declaration against transubstantiation. 3 William and Mary, c. II. act for the abrogating the oath of supremacy in Ireland, and appointing other oaths. Plowden's Historical Review, i. 197. But not only were Roman Catholics exeluded from seats in both branches of the legislature; a series of enactments, the fruit of relentless
Due Choiseul (search for this): chapter 4
rent, the first Protestant discoverer might sue for the lease before known Protestants, making the defendant answer all interrogatories on oath; so that the Catholic farmer dared not drain his fields, nor inclose them, nor build solid houses on them. If in any way he improved their productiveness, his lease was forfeited. It was his interest rather to deteriorate the country, lest envy should prompt some one to turn him out of doors. Compare Durand, of the French Embassy in London, to Choiseul, 30 July, 1767. French Archives, Angleterre, CCCXXIII. In all these cases the forfeitures were in favor of Protestants. Even if a Catholic owned a horse worth more than five pounds, any Protestant might take it away. 7 William III. Nor was natural affection or parental authority respected. The son of a Catholic landholder, however dissolute or however young, if he would but join the English church, could revolt chap. IV.} 1763. against his father, and turn his father's estate in fee
Saul (search for this): chapter 4
sion 8 Anne. of thirty, and afterwards of forty, pounds. 11 and 12 Geo. III. c. XXVII. And, in spite of these laws, there were, it is said, four thousand Catholic clergymen in Ireland, chap. IV.} 1763. and the Catholic worship gained upon the Protestant, so attractive is sincerity when ennobled by persecution, even though the laws did not presume a papist to exist there, and did not allow them to breathe but by the connivance of the government. Plowden's Historical Review, i 322. Saul to O'Connor in Appendix to Plowden, i. 265. The Catholic Irish had been plundered of six sevenths of the land by iniquitous confiscations; every acre of the remaining seventh was grudged them by the Protestants. No nonconforming Catholic could buy land, or receive it by descent, devise, or settlement; or lend money on it, as the security; or hold an interest in it through a Protestant trustee; or take a lease of ground for more than thirty-one years. If, under such a lease, he brought hi
Constitutional History (search for this): chapter 4
he old inhabitants had been converted to Christianity by apostles of the purest fame, and abounded in churches and cathedrals, in a learned, liberal, and numerous clergy. Their civil government was an aristocratic confederacy Hallam's Constitutional History of England, III. 461. The whole of the eighteenth chapter is devoted to the Constitution of Ireland. of septs or families and their respective chiefs; and the remote land seemed set apart by nature as the safe abode of an opulent, chap. At the restoration of Charles II. a declaration of settlement confirmed even the escheats of land, decreed by the republican party for the loyalty of their owners to the crown. It is the opinion of an English historian, Hallam's Constitutional History, III. 527, 528. that upon the whole result the Irish Catholics, having previously held about two-thirds of the kingdom, lost more than one-half of their possessions by forfeitures on account of their rebellion. * * * They were diminished
William Knox (search for this): chapter 4
ork, from New-Jersey to Georgia. In Pennsylvania they peopled many coun- chap. IV.} 1763. ties, till, in public life, they already balanced the influence of the Quakers. In Virginia, they went up the valley of the Shenandoah; and they extended themselves along the tributaries of the Catawba, in the beautiful upland region of North Carolina. Their training in Ireland had kept the spirit of liberty and the readiness to resist unjust government as fresh in their hearts, as though they had just been listening to the preachings of Knox, or musing over the political creed of the Westminster Assembly. They brought to America no submissive love for England; and their experience and their religion alike bade them meet oppression with prompt resistance. We shall find the first voice publicly raised in America to dissolve all connection with Great Britain came, not from the Puritans of New-England, or the Dutch of New-York, or the planters of Virginia, but from Scotch-Irish Presbyterians.
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