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352 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
edonia, although the necessity of such a plan had been pointed out, and proposals had been made for it by Demosthenes in his first Philippic, which was spoken in B. C. 352. Philip's attack upon Olynthus in B. C. 349, which terminated in the year following with the conquest of the place, deprived the Athenians of their last strongho1825 and 1835), C. A. Rüdiger (Leipzig, 1818, 1829 and 1833), and J. T. Vömel. (Frankfurt, 1829.) 1. The first Philippic The first Philippic was delivered in B. C. 352, and is believed by some to be made up of two distinct orations, the second of which is supposed to commence at p. 48 with the words a(\ me\n h(mei=s. (Dionys. Endroti/wnos parano/mwn, belongs to B. C. 355, and has been edited separately by Funkhänel, Leipzig, 1832. 22. *Kata\ *)Aridtokra/tous *Kata\ *)Aridtokra/tous, B. C. 352. See Rumpf, De Charidemo Orita, Giessen, 1815. 23. *Kata\ *Timokra/tous *Kata\ *Timokra/tous, B. C. 353. See Blume, Prolegom. in Demosth. Orat. c. Timocrat.,
353 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
gement of the guilt of his enemy. This affair belongs to the year B. C. 353, in which also the extant oration against Meidias was written, bu against Leptines and Androtion (Dionys. Ep. ad Amm. 1.4), and in B. C. 353 the oration against Timocrates. The general esteem which Demostheertaking a war against Persia (Dem. de Rhod. lib. p. 192), and in B. C. 353 he spoke for the Megalopolitans (u(pe\r *Megalopoltw=n), and oppoonian, and make head against him. It was only on one occasion, in B. C. 353, that the Athenians gained decided advantages by a diversion of tOrations. 12. *Peri\ *Sunta/cews *Peri\ *Sunta/cews, refers to B. C. 353, but is acknowledged on all hands to be spurious. F. A. Wolf, Prorg, 1836. 14. *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n, B. C. 353. 15. *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn e)leuqeri/as *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn Giessen, 1815. 23. *Kata\ *Timokra/tous *Kata\ *Timokra/tous, B. C. 353. See Blume, Prolegom. in Demosth. Orat. c. Timocrat., Berlin, 182
354 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
id. p. 540, &c.) Meidias found means to prevent any decision being given for a period of eight years, and at length, in B. C. 354, he had an opportunity to take revenge upon Demosthenes, who had in that year voluntarily undertaken the choregia. Meidrates. The general esteem which Demosthenes enjoyed as early as that time is sufficiently attested by the fact, that in B. C. 354, in spite of all the intrigues of Meidias, he was confirmed in the dignity of *Bouleuth/s, to which he had been elected p. 552). The active part he took in public affairs is further attested by the orations which belong to this period: in B. C. 354 he spoke against the projected expedition to Euboea, though without success, and he himself afterwards joined in it und. ad Leptin. p. 124; Schaefer, Apparat. Crit. i. p. 686. 13. *Peri\ *Summoriw=n *Peri\ *Summoriw=n, was delivered in B. C. 354. See Amersfoordt, Introduct. in Orat. de Symmor. Lugdun. Bat. 1821, reprinted in Schaefer's Appar. Crit. vol. i.; Parre
355 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
ed his orations against Androtion and Timocrates, which belong to B. C. 355, so that the birth of Demosthenes would fall in B. C. 383 or 382,is event come forward as a speaker in the public assembly, for in B. C. 355 he had delivered the orations against Leptines and Androtion (DioLepti/nhn *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn, was spoken in B. C. 355. Editions It has been edited separately by F. A. Wolf, Halle, kondu/lou *Kata\ *Meidi/ou peri\ tou= kondu/lou, was composed in B. C. 355. Editions There are separate editions by Buttmann (Berlin, 182oti/wnos parano/mwn *Kata\ *)Androti/wnos parano/mwn, belongs to B. C. 355, and has been edited separately by Funkhänel, Leipzig, 1832. 22 *Zhno/qemin *Paragrafh\ pro\s *Zhno/qemin, falls after the year B. C. 355. 32. *Pro\s *)Apatou/rion paragrhrafh/ *Pro\s *)Apatou/rion palou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n, belongs to the time after B. C. 355. Its genuineness is doubted by Harpocr. s. vv. *)Ekaki/stroun and
356 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
afterwards joined in it under Phocion. (Dem. de Pace, p. 58, c. Meid. p. 558.) In the same year he delivered the oration peri\ summorw=n, in which he successfully dissuaded the Athenians from their foolish scheme of undertaking a war against Persia (Dem. de Rhod. lib. p. 192), and in B. C. 353 he spoke for the Megalopolitans (u(pe\r *Megalopoltw=n), and opposed the Spartans, who had solicited the aid of Athens to reduce Megalopolis. The one hundred and sixth Olympiad, or the period from B. C. 356, is the beginning of the career of Demosthenes as one of the leading statesmen of Athens, and henceforth the history of his life is closely mixed up with that of his country; for there is no question affecting the public good in which he did not take the most active part, and support with all the power of his oratory what he considered right and beneficial to the state. King Philip of Macedonia had commenced in B. C. 358 his encroachments upon the possessions of Athens in the north of the
358 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
Megalopolis. The one hundred and sixth Olympiad, or the period from B. C. 356, is the beginning of the career of Demosthenes as one of the leading statesmen of Athens, and henceforth the history of his life is closely mixed up with that of his country; for there is no question affecting the public good in which he did not take the most active part, and support with all the power of his oratory what he considered right and beneficial to the state. King Philip of Macedonia had commenced in B. C. 358 his encroachments upon the possessions of Athens in the north of the Aegean, and he had taken possession of the towns of Amphipolis, Pydna, Potidaea, and Methone. During those proceedings he had contrived to keep the Athenians at a distance, to deceive them and keep them in good humour by delusions and apparently favourable promises. Demosthenes was not, indeed, the only man who saw that these proceedings were merely a prelude to greater things, and that unless the king was checked, he wou
361 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
he ruin of the republic by violating its laws and sacrificing its resources to personal and selfish interests. The first acts of open hostility were committed in B. C. 361, when Meidias forced his way into the house of Demosthenes and insulted the members of his family. This led Demosthenes to bring against him the action of kakhloed by Rumpf, de Orat. adv. Timothy , Giessen, 1821. 49. *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos, after B. C. 361. 50. *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51. *Pro\s *Ka/llippon *Pro\s *Ka/llippon, spoken in B. C. 364. 52. *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn, of uncertain date, was suspected by Harpocrat. s. v. *)Apografh/. 53. *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/as *Kata\ *Ko/nwnos abi)ki/
363 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
dun. Bat. 1825. 46. *Peri\ *Eu)e/rlou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n *Peri\ *Eu)e/rlou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n, belongs to the time after B. C. 355. Its genuineness is doubted by Harpocr. s. vv. *)Ekaki/stroun and h)|thme/nhn, H. Wolf, Böckh (l.c.), and I. Bekker. See Schaefer, Appar. Crit. v. p. 216. 47. *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs *Kata\ *)Olumpiodw/rou bla/bhs after B. C. 343. 48. *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews *Pro\s *Timo/qeon u(pe\r xre/ews, falls between B. C. 363 and 354, but is considered spurious by Harpocrat. s. v. *Kakotexniw=n, Böckh, and Bekker (see Schaefer, Appar. Crit. v. p. 264). It is defended by Rumpf, de Orat. adv. Timothy , Giessen, 1821. 49. *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos *Pro\s Polukle/a peri\ tou= e)pitrihrarxh/matos, after B. C. 361. 50. *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as *Peri\ tou= *Stefa/nou th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51
364 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
favour of Demosthenes. (Dem. c. Aphob. i. p. 828, c. Aphob. iii. p. 861.) At length, in the third year after his coming of age, in the archonship of Timocrates, B. C. 364 (Dem. c. Onet. p. 868), Demosthenes brought his accusation against Aphobus before the archon, reserving to himself the right to bring similar charges against Demchus, p. 106, &c.; Westermann, Quaest. Demosth. iii. p. 96, &c. 26 and 27. The two orations against Aphobus The two orations against Aphobus were delivered in B. C. 364. 28. *Pro\s *)/Afobon yeudomarturiw=n *Pro\s *)/Afobon yeudomarturiw=n, is suspected of being spurious by Westermann, Quaest. Dem. iii. p. 11, &c. Comp. Schöm th=s trihrarxi/as, after B. C. 361, is suspected by Becker, Demosth. als Staatsmann und. Redner, p. 465. 51. *Pro\s *Ka/llippon *Pro\s *Ka/llippon, spoken in B. C. 364. 52. *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn *Pro\s *Niko/straton peri\ tw=n *)Areqousi/ou a)ndrapo/dwn, of uncertain date, was suspected b
366 BC (search for this): entry demosthenes-bio-2
39; Liban. Vit. Dem. p. 3, Argum. ad Orat. c. Onet. p. 875.) We may suppose without much hesitation, that during the latter years of his minority Demosthenes privately prepared himself for the career of an orator, to which he was urged on by his peculiar circumstancesno less than by the admiration he felt for the orators of his time, and that during the first years after his attaining the age of manhood he availed himself of the instruction of Isaeus. Immediately after becoming of age in B. C. 366, Demosthenes called upon his guardians to render him an account of their administration of his property; but by intrigues they contrived to defer the business for two years, which was perhaps less disagreeable to him, as he had to prepare himself and to acquire a certain legal knowledge and oratorical power before he could venture to come forward in his own cause with any hope of success. In the course of these two years, however, the matter was twice investigated by the diaetetae, and was
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