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[13]
（b） An act done through ignorance is in every case not voluntary,1 but it is involuntary only
when it causes the agent pain and regret: since a man who has acted through ignorance and feels no compunction at all for what he has
done, cannot indeed be said to have acted voluntarily, as he was not aware of his action,
yet cannot be said to have acted involuntarily, as he is not sorry for it. Acts done
through ignorance therefore fall into two classes: if the agent regrets the act, we think
that he has acted involuntarily; if he does not regret it, to mark the distinction we may
call him a ‘non-voluntary’ agent—for as the case is
different it is better to give it a special name.
1 See note on 1.1 above.
Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 19, translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1934.
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