[5]
ὥστε ἐπεὶ φανερὸν καὶ οἷς
καὶ ἐφ᾽ οἷς γίγνεται χάρις καὶ πῶς ἔχουσι, δῆλον ὅτι ἐκ τούτων παρασκευαστέον, τοὺς μὲν δεικνύντας ἢ ὄντας ἢ γεγενημένους ἐν τοιαύτῃ λύπῃ καὶ δεήσει, τοὺς δὲ ὑπηρετηκότας ἐν τοιαύτῃ χρείᾳ τοιοῦτόν τι ἢ ὑπηρετοῦντας. φανερὸν δὲ καὶ ὅθεν ἀφαιρεῖσθαι ἐνδέχεται τὴν χάριν καὶ ποιεῖν ἀχαρίστους:
ἢ γὰρ ὅτι αὑτῶν ἕνεκα ὑπηρετοῦσιν ἢ ὑπηρέτησαν (τοῦτο δ᾽ οὐκ ἦν χάρις), ἢ ὅτι ἀπὸ τύχης συνέπεσεν ἢ συνηναγκάσθησαν, ἢ ὅτι ἀπέδωκαν ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἔδωκαν, εἴτε εἰδότες εἴτε μή: ἀμφοτέρως γὰρ τὸ ἀντί τινος, ὥστε οὐδ᾽
οὕτως ἂν εἴη χάρις.
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Ars Rhetorica. Aristotle. W. D. Ross. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1959.
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