An. Reg. 15. on the nine and twentith day of Aprill came into the common house, and there shewing the great charges that the king necessarilie was at, and dailie must be at in maintenance of his warres against the French and Scots, demanded the summes of A great subsidle demanded by the cardinall in the cōmon house. eight hundred thousand pounds to bhe raised of the fift part of euerie mans goods and lands, that is to wit, foure shillings of euerie pound.
This demand was inforced on the morrow after, by sir Thomas Moore then speaker of the parlement: but he spake not so much in persuading the house to grant it, but other spake as earnestlie against it, so that the matter was argued to and fro, and handled to the vttermost. There were that proued how it was not possible to haue it Hard hold about grant of the great subsidie. leuied in monie, for men of lauds and great substance had not the fift part of the same in coine. And sith the king by the loane had receiued two shillings of the pound, which by this rate amounted to 400000 pounds: and now to haue foure shillings of the pound, it would amount in the whole vnto twelue hundred thousand pounds, which is first and last six shillings of the pound, being almost a third part of euerie mans goods, which in coine might not be had within this realme.
For the proofe whereof was alleaged, that if there were in England but twentie thousand parishes, and eueric parish should giue an hundred markes, that were but fiftéene hundred thousand markes, which is but an hundred thousand pounds; and there be not verie manie parishes in England one with another, able to spare an hun There are not 10000 parishes in England as Slow hath trulie noted. The obstinate answer of the cardinall to the motion of the common house in the parlement. dred markes, out of cities and townes. And where it is written, that in England there be fortie thousand parish churches, it was prooued that there were not thirtéene thousand at this daie. Hard hold there was about this demand, and certeine wise and discréet persons were sent to the cardinall, to mooue him to be a meane to the king, that a lesse summe might be accepted: but he answered that he would rather haue his toong plucked out of his head with a paire of pinsers, than to mooue the king to take anie lesse summe: and so with that answer they departed, reporting to the house the cardinals words. Then euerie daie was reasoning, but nothing con eluded.
Wherevpon the cardinall came againe into the lower house, and desired that he might reason with them that were against the demand: but he was answered that the order of that house was to heare, and not to reason, except amongst themselues. There he began to shew arguments of the great wealth of the realme, so that it might be thought, that he repined and disdained that anie man should be wealthie but himselfe. After he was gone, the commons debated the matter according to their former maner, and so in the end concluded of two shillings in the pound, from twentie pounds vpwards, and from fortie shillings to twentie pounds, of euerie twentie shillings twelue pence, and vnder fortie shillings of euerie head of sixtéene yeeres and vpward foure pence to be paid in two yeares. When this was notified to the cardinall, he was much thcrwith offended, so that to please him, at length, the gentlemen of fiftie pounds land and vpward, by the liberall motion of sir Iohn Huseie, a knight of Sir Iohn Huseie. Lincolnshire, were burdened with twelue pence more of the pound of the same lands, to be paid in thrée yeares.
The cardinall to mooue them thereto, bare them in hand that the lords had agreed to foure shillings of the pound, which was vntrue: for they had granted nothing, but staid till they might vnderstand what the commons would doo. The king therefore hauing knowledge of this, and such other notable lies vttered by the cardinall, Polydor. reprooued him therefore verie sharpelie, and said that yer it were long he would looke Cardinall Woolsie reproued by the king. to things himselfe without anie substitute. A maruellous matter to consider, how much the cardinall was cooled herewith, and how lowlie for a while he bare himselfe, so that thereby it well appeared how the maisters sharpenesse now and then, dooth much to refraine the euill nature of the seruant. But the cardinall within a few daies after, pacifieng the kings displeasure toward him, became nothing the better.
After that the foresaid grant was passed and accorded, the parlement was proroged till the tenth of Iune. During which prorogation, the common people said to the Edw. Hall in H. 8. fol. cx. burgesses; Sirs, we heare say you will grant foure shillings of the pound, we aduise you to doo so that youmay go home: with manie euill words and threatnings. In The cardinall dissolueth the archbishop of Canturburies conuocatiōn. this season the cardinall by his power legantine dissolued the cōuocation at Pouls called by the archbishop of Canturburie, calling him and all the cleargie tohis conuocation at Westminster, which was neuer séene before in England (saith Hall) whereof maister Skelton a merrie poet wrote:
Gentle Paule lay downe thy sweard,When the parlement was begun againe, the gentlemen that saw themselues charged with twelue pence more of the pound for their lands, did so much, that it was granted, that men of fiftie pounds and vpward in goods, should also pay twelue pence of euerie pound in the fourth yeare: which could not bee brought about but with great adoo, and much grudging of the burgesses and commons. The one and thirtith of Iulie, the parlement was adiourned to Westminster, & there continuing till the thirtéenth of August, was that day at nine of the clock at night dissolued. During the time of this parlement, the seuen and twentith of Aprill, was sir Arthur Plantagenet, Arthur Plantagenet created vicount Lisle. bastard sonne to king Edward the fourth, at Bridewell created vicount Lisle, in right of his wife, which was wife to Edmund Dudleie beheaded. In this yeare the fifteenth of Iune, Christerne king of Denmarke, with his wife, The king of Denmarke arriueth in England. and a small traine with them, landed at Douer, where he was noblie receiued by the earle of Deuonshire, the bishops of Excester and Rochester, and diuerse knights and esquiers which brought them to Gréenwich, where the king and quéene receiued them with all honor. Now after he had remained at the court certeine daies, he was Sée Edw. Hall in H. 8. fol. cxj. brought to London, & lodged at Bath place. He saw the watch on saint Peters eeuen, being brought vnto the kings head in Cheape, accompanied with the duke of Suffolke, the earles of Oxford, Essex, and Kent, and diuerse other lords and ladies. The citie made to him and to his wife acostlie banket that night, and after he had passed the The citie of London banketteth the K. of Denmarke. time a while in London, he resorted againe to the king, and had of him great gifts, and so likewise had his wife of the quéene hir aunt, & then taking their leaue they departed, and were conueied to Douer. And thus after this king had béene in England The king of Denmarke departeth out of England into Flanders. two and twentie daies, he tooke shipping, and sailed againe into Flanders, where he remained as a banished man out of his owne countrie. About the same time, the earle of Kildare being restored to the cardinals fauour, Polydor. and taking to wife the ladie Elizabeth Graie, was sent ouer againe into Ireland to The earle of Kildare restored to his office of deputiship in Irelād. occupie his former office, where by the assistance of his faithfull friend Hugh Hinke archbishop of Dublin, and chancellour of that land, hée brought the countrie into reasonable good order, so far as the rebellious dooings of the wild Irish would permit. In this meane while, the warre was earnestlie pursued betweene England & France, & Edw. Hall. England and Scotland, insomuch that each part did what in them lay to hurt other. On the borders toward Scotland lay the earle of Surrie high admerall of England, and the marques Dorset, with his brethren, sir William Compton, & sir William Kingston, with diuerse other knights and esquiers sent to them by the king, which dailie inuaded the realme of Scotland and threw downe the castell of Wederborne, the Scotland score spoiled. castell of west Nesgate, the castell of Blackater, the tower of Mackwalles, the the tower of east Nesgate, & manie other, and burnt to the number of thirtie and seuen villaes, and haried the countrie from the east marches to the west, and neuer had skirmish. For the Scots, albeit they shewed themselues in plumps, waiting some aduantage, they durst not yet approch to the maine battell of the Englishmen, so that in all this iournie there were but few Englishmen lost. When the lords perceiued that the Scota ment not to make anie inuasion into England this yeare, they tooke order for the fortifieng of the frontiers, and so returned. It was thought that the cardinall perceiuing Polydor. in what fauour sir William Compton was with the king, and doubting least the same might diminish his authoritie, deuised to send him thus into the warres against the Scots. For the said sir William could not well brooke the cardinals presumption, in taking vpon him so highlie, to the derogation of the kings supreme gouernement, and therfore the cardinall in his absence thought to woorke him out of fauour: but it would not be. For shortlie after was sir William Compton called home to the court againe. The Frenchmen burned a ship fraught with stone in the hauen of Calis, vpon hope The Frenchmen meaning to destroy Calis hauen, are disappointed by missing the chanell. to haue destroied the hauen; but they missed the chanell in bringing in the ship, and so after that the ship was consumed with fire, the stones were recouered out of the water, and brought into Calis, which serued the Englishmen to good vse. Diuerse enterprises were atchiued betwixt them of the garrisons French and English in those marches. In Iulie the lord Sands treasuror of Calis, with other capteins & souldiors, to the number of twelue hundred, entered into the confines of their enimies, anti came before Bullongne, where they had a great skirmish, & put their enimies to the A rode made into the Frēch ground. woorse: and after marching into the countrie, tooke diuerse churches and other places which the Frenchmen had fortified, as the church of Odersall, the steeple of Odingham, and the castell of Hardingham, and so after they had beene within the enimies countrie almost two nights and two daies, they came backe to Calis, hauing not lost past a dozen of their men. The king of England being aduertised that the duke of Albanie would returne shortlie into Scotland by sea, and bring with him a power of Frenchmen, prepared a fléet of tall and strong ships méet to encounter with the same duke and his power, and appointed for admerall, sir William Fitz Williams, & with him sir Francis Brian, sir Anthonie Poines, sargeant Rot, Iohn Hopton, William Ganston, Anthonie Kneuet, Thomas West, and other, which vsed great diligence to haue met with the said duke of Albanie. And as they laie on the French coast, the foure and twentith of August being sundaie, at seauen of the clocke in the morning, they landed in the hauen of The English fléet landeth in Treiport haucu. Treiport, and assaulted the Frenchmen that were in certeine bulworks on the shore, and did what they could to impeach the Englishmens landing. But the Englishmen incouraged by their capteins, did so valiantlie (although they were but an handfull of men in comparison of their enimies, as seuen hundred to six thousand) that in the end they repelled the Frenchmen, and wan their bulworks of them, and in the same found diuerse peeces of ordinance, which they seized. And perceiuing that the Frenchmen fled to the towne of Treiport, they followed, and shot at them right egerlie, so that manic of the Frenchmen were slaine and wounded, yer they could get to the towne. The Englishmen assaulted the gates but could not The English set fire on the suburbes of Treiport. breake them open: yet they set fire on the suburbes, & also burnt seuen ships which laie in the hauen. The English capteins perceiuing how the people of the countrie came downe in great numbers to the rescue of the towne, caused their men to get togither such spoiles as they might bring awaie in that sudden: and then after they had beene on land fiue houres, with like spéed as they came, they retired backe againe Polydor. to their ships, not without some losse and damage of men both hurt & slaine; as it often hapneth, when those be not found vnprouided which a man vnaduiscdlie assaileth. In this season the king hauing put an armie of men in a readinesse, caused the same to be transported ouer to Calis, & appointed the duke of Suffolke to haue the leading thereof, and to make a iourneie into France. The duke (according to his commission) Polydor. Edw. Hal. came to Calis the foure and twentith of August, and there abiding the armie, caused all things to be prepared necessarie for the same, as vittels, munition, and such like. There were appointed to attend him in this iourneie, the lord Montacute, and his brother sir Arthur Pole, the lord Herbert sonne to the earle of Worcester, the lord The duke of Suffolke entereth into France with an armie. Ferrers, the lord Marneie, the lord Sandes, the lord Barkleie, the lord Powes, and the baron Curson: of knights sir Richard Wingfield chancellour of the duchie of Lancaster, sir Iohn Véer, sir Edward Neuill, sir William Kingston, sir Richard Weston, sir Andrew Winsor, sir Robert Wingfield, sir Anthonie Wingfield, sir Edward Guilford, sir Edward Greuile, sir Edward Chamberleine, sir Thomas Lucie, sir Euerard Digbie, sir Adrian Foscew, sir Richard Cornewall, sir William Courtneie, sir William Sidneie, sir Henrie Owen, and manie others. The whole armie (as appéered by the musters taken thereof) consisted in six hundred demilances, two hundred archers on horssebacke, three thousand archers on foot, and fiue thousand bill men. To these also were adioined seuentéene hundred, which were taken out of the garisons and crewes of Hammes, Guisnes, & Calis, so that in all they were ten thousand and fiue hundred, well armed and appointed for the warre. Beside them, there were also two thousand six hundred labourers and pioners. When this armie was come ouer to Calis, and all things readie for the iournie, they issued out of Calis and tooke the fields. The vant-gard was led by the lord Sandes. Capteine of the right wing was sir William Kingston, & on the left sir Euerard Digbie. The marshall of Calis sir Edward Guilford was capteine of all the horssemen. The duke himselfe gouerned the battell, and sir Richard Wingfield was capteine of the rere-ward. While the armie laie without Calis, they dailie came into the towne. And so it A riot at Calis. Edw. Hall. pag. Cxxii. happened that a simple felow cut a pursse, as he made to buie apples, which incontinent was taken, and brought to the maiors house to ward. Which thing diuerse Welshmen perceiuing, and not knowing what apperteined to iustice, ran in great companies to the maiors house, & would haue broken the house. The officers of the towne intreated, but the Welshmen more & more approched. The number of the Welshmen was so great, that the watch of Calis strake alarum. Then the lord deputie and the lord Sands did all that in them laie, to bring them to conformitie. But they were so inde, that they nothing them regarded: the priests brought foorth the sacrament, which also was not regarded. Wherefore the lord Ferrers was straightlie commanded to appease their rage, for with him they came thither, which with great paine and intreatie them appeased, and then all the Welshmen were commanded to the field, and to depart the towne, and so were all other capteins: and afterwards diuerse of the head rioters were apprehended and sore punished for example. The first enterprise that the duke attempted, was the winning of a castell called Bell castell assauited. Bell castell, to which the lord Sands, and the lord Ferrers being sent, did so much by the power of battrie, that after the wals were beaten, those that were appointed to giue the assalt, prepared them therto. Which when the French men within perceiued, Bell castell yeelded vp to the Englishmen. they yéelded the place into the Englishmens hands, and themselues to the mercie of the duke, which receiued them as prisoners, and deliuered the castell to Sir William Skeuington, the which he caused to be rased downe to the ground the seauen and twentith of September. In this season was the duke of Burbon high constable of France reuolted from seruice of the French king to the seruice of the emperour and the king of England. For after it was knowne that this duke had his mind alienated Sir Iohn Russell created afterward erle of Bedford. from the French king, sir Iohn Russell (that was afterward created erle of Bedford) was sent into France vnto the said duke. This gentleman being verie faire spoken, & well languaged, in disguised apparell, ordered himselfe so wiselie and fortunatlie in his iorneie, that in couert manner he came to the duke, and so persuaded him, that he continued in his former determination, and auoided the realme of France, as in the French historie ye maie more at large perceiue. The more to incourage the English souldiers, there was a proclamation made in the host the eight and twentith of September, how the said duke of Burbon was become enemie to the French king, and friend to the king of England; so that hauing in his wages ten thousand Almans, he was readie to inuade France in another part, the more to let & disturb the French kings purposes. For the accomplishing wherof there was sent to him monie in no small summes. After this proclamation the nine and twentith of September, the duke of Suffolke remooued to Ard, and so forward into Picardie. At Cordes betwéene Terwine and saint Omers, there came to The Spaniards ioine with the English armie. him the lord of Isilstein, and with him of Spaniards, Almans, Cleueners, and others, thrée thousand footmen, and fiue hundred horssemen. The duke being thus furnished with new aid, marched forward in wet weather, and made bridges, and mended the waies where he passed as well as he might, sending out diuerse companies of his men of warre, to take townes, and fetch in booties on euerie side. The Frenchmen were so afraid of the Englishmen, that they fled out of their houses, and left the townes and villages void, conueieng such goods as they could awaie with them, but oftentimes they left good store behind them, so that the Englishmen gained greatlie, and namely at Anchor, which was a rich towne, and vpon the Englishmens approch the inhabitants fled out of it, and then the Englishmen entred. They tooke also The castell of Bounegard manned by the Englishmen. the castell of Bounegard, and put therein a garison, whereof was capteine the lord Leonard Greie, brother to the marquesse Dorset, to conduct vittellers to the armie, which now was farre from anie succours of the English part. The duke passed forward till he came to the towne of Braie, in the which were The towne of Braie besieged. sixtéene hundred men of warre, vnder the gouernance of capteine Adrian, and beside his retinue, there came to the succours of the towne, monsieur Pontdormie, the vicount Lauerdam, the vicount Tourraine, monsieur Applingcourt, and monsieur Dampneie, with fiue hundred horssemen, so that in the towne beside the inhabitants were two thousand good men of warre. This towne standeth on the riuer of Some foure and twentie English miles from Arras, and foureteene of the same miles aboue Amiens. On the twentith of October, the duke caused his ordinance to be brought afore it by foure of the clocke in the morning, the which was so well applied in making batterie to the walles of the towne, that by nine of the clocke the towne was made assaultable; and then the Englishmen, Flemings & Burgognians made forward, and by the good comfort of the lord Sandes and other capteins, they got the diches, and after entred vpon the walles. The Frenchmen stood at defense with pikes, crossebowes, handguns, and halbards, but they were too weake, for on all parts entred the Englishmen, and suddenlie the Frenchmen fled, and the Englishmen followed. On the further side of the towne there was a bulworke fortified with ordinance Brale won by assault. verie stronglie to defend the passage ouer the water of Some, which is there diuided into diuerse branches. The French horssemen being withdrawne to the passage, defended it till the footmen were got ouer the bridge, and then they plucked awaie the plankes of the bridge, so that no man should follow: but the Englishmen cast plankes on the bridge and got ouer, in which passing diuerse were drowned: but such dligence and inforcement was vsed, that they all passed both horsmen and footmen. Then was the bulworke fiercelie assaulted, and finallie taken by the Englishmen, with all the ordinance. There was also taken capteine Adrian and capteine Utterlieu. The English horssemen followed the Frenchmen, and slue & tooke manie of them. Sir Robert Ierningham brake a speare on the lord Pontdormie. The lord Leonard Greie did valiantlie that day, which was come from the castell of Bounegard, and was here at the winning of Braie, which was taken in maner aboue rehearsed the twentith of October. The Frenchmen when they perceiued that they should not be able to defend, had A traine of gunpowder laid. laid a traine of gunpowder to set it on fire, in hope to haue destroied manie of the Englishmen as they should be occupied in gathering, the spoile; but by reason that they followed their enimies, and got ouer the passage, the fire tooke and set the towne on fire yer the Englishmen returned. Yet much wine was saued which laie in cellars, and stood the Englishmen in good steed. The one and twentith day of October the armie and all the ordinance passed ouer the riuer, and came to a towne called Kappe. All the inhabitants were fled, but they had left good plentie of wine & other riches Kappe taken. behind them. The garison that laie at anchor knowing that the duke was passed the water of Some, rased the towne and castell there called Bounegard, and came to the armie now being lodged at Kappe. The duke sent to them of Roie, requiring to haue the towne deliuered to him, which Roie yéelded to the duke of Suffolke. they granted to doo, bicause they had no garison of souldiers within to defend the towne. Thither was sent sir Richard Cornewall, with foure hundred men, which receiued the towne and kept it in good quiet, till the duke came thitherwith his whole armie. On the fiue and twentith daie of October, the duke remooued to a village called Lihome where the souldiers had great pillage. The next daie they went to Lihome taken. Dauenker, and the seuen and twentith daie they came before the towne of Montdedier, Montdedier besieged. in the which were a thousand footmen, and fiue hundred horssemen vnder the gouernance of monsieur de Roch baron, purposing to defend the towne to the vttermost. But after that sir William Skeuington had made batterie from foure of the clocke in the next morning till eight in the same forenoon, with such force that the wals were ouerthrowne and made assaultable, they within yeelded the towne into the dukes Montdedier yéelded. hands, with condition they might go with bag and baggage. The Frenchmen made such hast, and were so glad to be gone, that they left much houshold stuffe behind them, and great plentie of wine. The Englishmen also would not suffer them to beare their standards vnspred, but rent the same in péeces: wherewith the lord Roch baron was highlie displeased, but he could not amend it. The duke remained in Montdedier till the last of October, and then remooued to Roie, where he rested a while with all his armie. On Alhallowes daie, the duke of Suffolke Knights made by the duke of Suffolke in France. in the chiefe church of Roie made knights, the lord Herbert, the lord Powes, Oliuer Manners, Arthur Poole, Richard Sandes, Robert Ierningham, Robert Salisburie, Edmund Beningfield, Richard Corbet, Thomas Wentworth, William Storton, Walter Mantell, George Warram, Edward Seimor, that was after duke of Summerset. The morow after the armie remooued to a place called Neele. The souldiers being thus led from place to place, began to murmur among themselues & to grudge, bicause of the winter season, being nothing meet for their purpose to kéepe the fields: it grieued them that the Burgognians being prouided of Mutinie amongst the English souldiers. wagons, made shift to send the spoile and pillage home into their countrie being at hand, & they to want such meanes to make the best of those things which they got, so that (as they tooke it) they beat the bush & others had the birds. This grudge was yet by gentle words ceassed for a time. On the sixt daie of Nouember the whole armie came to a village called Veane, and there rested for that night, and on the morow after they returned againe ouer the water of Some, and came to a place called Beaufford. Iohn Dudlie and Robert Utreight knighted. At this passage the duke made Iohn Dudleie and Robert Utreight knights. On the eight of Nouember the duke remooued to a place called Mont saint Martine, and from thence was sent the lord Sands to the king in post, to aduertise him in what case the armie stood, and the armie remooued to Permont, and there rested for a time. The Welshmen still murmured that they might not returne home now that the winter was thus farre entered. But there were a sort of men of warre, to the number of a thousand persons vnder the leading of sir Iohn Wallop, which had Sir Iohn Wallop. little wages or none, liuing only on their aduentures, & were therefore called aduenturers, and of some they were called Kréekers, which had as good will to be still Aduenturers or Kréekers. abroad, as the Welshmen had desire to returne home. For these Kréekers by spoiling of townes, taking of prisoners, & other such practisés of warlike exploits, made their haunts, and dailie brought to the campe, horsses, mares, vittels, cloth, come, and other necessaries, which might not haue béene missed. After great raines and winds which had chanced in that season, there followed a A bitter and nipping frost. sore frost, which was so extreame, that manie died for cold, and some lost fingers, some lost toes, and manie lost nailes beside their fingers, so extreame was the rigour of that frost. ¶ The thirteenth daie of Nouember the duke remooued to a place within two miles of Boghan castell, and still it froze. The Welshmen in the morning set out a shout, and cried; Home, home. The Kréekers hearing that, cried; Hang, hang. Hereof businesse was like to haue insued, but by policie it was ceassed. Sir Edward Boghan castell assaulted and yéelded. Guilford capteine of the horssemen viewing the castell of Boghan, perceiued that the marishes (wherewith it was inuironed) were so hard frozen, that great ordinance might passe ouer the same. Which he signified to the duke, & therewith the duke was contented that he should trie what successe would come of giuing the attempt to win it. So was the ordinance brought ouer the marish ground, wherof they within being aduertised, immediatlie after thrée shots of canon discharged against them, they yeelded the castell, and all the artillerie within it, of the which there was good store, as thrée score & sixtéene péeces great and small. The kéeping of this castell was deliuered to the senescall of Henegow. In this meane while the lord Sands was come to the court, and informed the king of the state of the armie. The king had before his comming heard that his people in the said arnie were in great miserie, both by reason of the intemperat weather, & vnseasonable time of the yeare, the lacke of vittels, & such other discommodities: wherefore he caused a new power of six thousand men to be prepared and sent vnto the duke of Suffolke for a releefe, vnder the leading of the lord Montioie. But yer The duke of Suffolke breaketh vp his armie and commeth to Calis. this power could be put in order to passe the sea, and before the duke could haue knowledge againe from the king of his further pleasure, he was constreined to breake vp his armie, and returned by Valencennes, and so through Flanders vnto Calis. He left at Valencennes all the great artillerie. The king was somewhat displeased with the breaking vp of the armie thus contrarie to his mind, but hearing the resonable excuses which the duke & the capteins had to alleage, he was shortlie after pacified. And so after they had remained in Calis a certeine time, vntill.their fréends had asswaged the kings displeasure, they returned, and all things were well taken, and they receiued into as much fauour as before. But now to returne to the dooings in other parts, as betwixt the Englishmen and Scots, which chanced in this meane while that the duke of Suffolke was thus in France. Ye shall vnderstand, that the Scots hearing that the warre was thus turned into France, thought that nothing should be attempted against them, and therefore waxed more bold, and began to rob and spoile on the marches of England. Where The carie of Surrie inuadeth Scotland. The Scots spoile the English marches. fore the king sent againe thither the earle of Surrie treasuror and high admerall of England, the which with all speed comming to the west borders, sent for an armie of six thousand men, with the which entering Scotland by the drie marishes, he ouerthrew certeine castels, piles, and small holds, till he came through the dales to ledworth, wherein laie a great garrison of Scots, which skirmished with the Englishmen Iedworth burnt. right sharpelie at their first comming, but yet at length the towne, abbeie, and castell were woone, spoiled, and burned. After this the earle incamped within the Scotish ground from the two and twentith of September till the fiue and twentith of the same moneth, & then returned backe againe into England. During which time the lord Dacres wan the castell of Ferniherst. The castell of Ferniherst woon by the lord Dacres. The French king perceiuing that the Scots did not worke anie notable trouble to the Englishmen to staie them from the inuading of France (& the cause was (as he tooke it) for that they lacked the duke of Albanie, whome they named their gouernour) he therefore prouided a nauie of ships to haue transported him ouer into Scotland; so that all things were redie for his iournie. But the Englishmen were redie on the sea vnder the conduct of sir William Fitz Williams to stop his passage if he had set forward, wherefore he caused his ships to be brought into Brest hauen, and bruted it abroad, that he would not go into Scotland that yeare. The king of England being certified that the duke meant not to depart out of France of all that yeare, about the middest of September, commanded that his ships should be laid vp in hauens till the next spring. The duke of Albanie being thereof Sée the historie of Scotland, pag. 309. & sic deinceps. aduertised, boldie then tooke his ships, and sailed into Scotland with all conuenient spéed, as in the Scotish historie ye maie read more at large. Shortlie after his arriuall there, he wrought so with the Scots, that an armie was leauied, with the which he approched to the borders of England, & lodged at Cawdestreame, readie to enter into England. The king of England hauing aduertisement giuen to him from time to time of the proceedings of his aduersaries, with all diligence caused to be assembled the people of the North parts beyond Trent, in such numbers that there were three thousand gentlemen bearing coats of armes with their powers and strength, which were all commanded to repaire to the earle of Surrie with spéed. The noble marquesse Dorset was appointed with six thousand men to kéepe Berwike, least the Scotashould Berwike cheeflie regarded. laie siege thereto. The duke of Albanie hearing of the preparation which the earle of Surrie made against him, sent to him an herald, promising him of his honour to giue him battell; and if he tooke him prisoner, he would put him to courteous ransome, & his bodie to be safe. To whome the earle answered, that much he thanked the duke of his offer, promising him to abide battell if he durst giue it; & that if the said duke chanced to be taken by him or his, he would strike off his head, and send it for a present to his maister the king of England, and bade him that he should trust to none other. At this answer the duke and the Scots tooke great despite. The earle of Surrie being at Alnewicke, there came to him the earles of Northumberland and Westmerland, the lords Clifford, Dacres, Lumleie, Ogle, & Darcie, with manie knights, esquiers, gentlemen, and other souldiers and men of warre, to the number of fortie thousand. And from the court there came the maister of the horsse, sir Nicholas Carew, sir Francis Brian, sir Edward Bainton, and others. The last of October being saturdaie, in the night before the same daie, the duke of The castell of Warke assaulted by the Scots. Albanie sent two or three thousand men ouer the water to besiege the castell of Warke, which comming thither with their great ordinance, beat the castell verie sore, and wan the vttermost ward called the Barnekins. On sundaie and mondaie being the first and second of Nouember, they continued their batterie, and then thinking that the place was assaultable, couragiouslie set on the castell, and by strength entered the second ward. Sir William Lisle that was capteine of this castell, perceiuing the enimies to haue woone the false braies, and that nothing remained but onelie the inner ward or dungeon, incouraged his men to the best of his power, with words of great comfort and manhood, and therewith issued foorth with those few that he had left about him (for he had lost manie at other assaults) and what with couragious shooting, and manfull fighting, the enimies were driuen out of the place, and of The Scots & French driuen backe from Warke castell. them were slaine, and namelie of those Frenchmen which the duke had brought foorth of France, to the number of thrée hundred, which laie there dead in fight when the earle of Surrie came thither, besides such as died of wounds, and were drowned. Then the Scots and Frenchmen remooued their ordinance ouer the water in all hast, and by that time that they were got ouer, the earle of Surrie was come with fiue thousand horssemen, and all his great armie followed. He was sorie that his enimies were gone, and much praised sir William Lisle for his valiancie. The earle would gladlie haue followed his enimies into their owne borders, but his commission was onelie to defend the realme, and not to inuade Scotland; and therefore he staid, not onelie vnto the great displeasure of himselfe, but also of manie a lustie gentleman, that would gladlie haue seene further proofe of the Scotish mens manhood. Shortlie after, the quéene of Scots, moother to the king, sent to hir brother the king of England, for an abstinence of warre, vntill further communication might be had about the conclusion of some good agréement betwixt the two realmes of England and Scotland, which request to hir was granted; and so the English armie brake vp, and the earle of Surrie returned to the court. ¶ In this season the emperour Charles sent to the king of England two mules Edw. Hall. in H. 8. fol. Cxvj. A present sent by the emperour to the king. trapped in crimsin veluet curiouslie embrodered, all the buckles, stirrops and all such other garnishings were siluer and gilt of maruellous cunning worke. He sent also eleuen genets full goodlie to behold trapped with russet veluet richlie wrought, and foure speares, and two iauelins of strange timber & worke richlie garnished, and fiue brace of greihounds: and to the queene he sent two mules with rich trappers, and high chaires after the Spanish fashion. All these presents were thankefullie receiued both of the king and quéene.] Whilest the earle of Surrie was in the marches of Scotland, and the duke of Suffolke in France (as before ye haue heard) the cardinall sent out commissions in the moneth of October, that euerie man being worth fortie pounds, should paie the whole subsidie before granted, out of hand, not tarrieng till the daies of paiment limited. This An anticipation. was called an anticipation, that is to meane, a thing taken before the time appointed, and was a new tearme not knowne before those dales: but they paied sw etelie for their learning. ¶ In December were taken certeine traitors in Couentrie, one called Francis Philip, schoolemaister to the kings henchmen, and one Christopher Pickering clearke of the larder, and one Anthonie Mainuile gentleman, which by the persuasion of the said Francis Philip, intended to haue taken the kings treasure of his subsidie, as the collectors of the same came towards London, and then to haue raised men and taken the castell of Kilingworth, and to haue arreared warre against the king. The said Francis, Christopher, and Anthonie, were hanged, drawne, and quartered at Tiborne the eleuenth of Februarie, and the other were sent to Couentrie, and there executed. In this yeare the king sent the lord Morleie, sirWilliam Huseie knight, & doctor Lée The archduke of Austrich made knight of the garter. his almoner to don Ferdinando the archduke of Austrich, with the order of the garter, which in the towne of Nuremberge receiued the same, where all the princes of Germanie were then assembled at a diet or councell. In this meane while, diuerse enterprises and feats of warre were practised and atchiued by them of the garrisons in the marches of Calis, and the Frenchmen of Bullogne, and the borders thereabouts: but the Frenchmen commonlie were put to the worse. Amongest other exploits, it Brereton capteine of the aduenturers taken & slaine. chanced that one Brereton a gentleman, and capteine of a number of the aduenturers, as he went about to spoile the towne of Wast, was taken by the French horssemen, and sold vnto the pezants of the countrie, the which vnmercifullie slue him and sixtéene more that were taken with him, after that the men of warre had deliuered them, and were departed. But this murther was reuenged shortlie by other of the aduenturers, which comming vnto the same towne of Wast, tooke thirtie eight prisoners of the inhabitants, & slue of them thirtie and six, & burned the towne. In this yeare thorough books of ephemerides, and prognostications, foreshewing 1524 Bolton prior of S Bartholomewes buildeth a house at Harow on the hill to auoid flouds prognosticated that yeare. much hurt to come by waters & flouds, many persons vittelled themselues and went to high grounds for feare of drowning: speciallie one Bolton prior of saint Bartholomewes in Smithfield, builded him an house vpon Harow on the hill, onelie for feare of this floud, and thither he went and made prouision of all things necessarie for the space of two moneths. This great raine and waters should haue fallen in Februarie, but no such thing happened, whereby the follie of men was shewed. The astronomers for their excuse did saie, that in their computation they had miscounted in their number an hundred yeares. A legat was sent from the pope to the king to mooue him to peace: but
For Peter of Westminster hath shauen thy beard.
