I.Comp.: pējor, pejus.—Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.: “malus et nequam homo,” Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1: “pessima puella,” Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10: “delituit mala,” Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9: “philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,” Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23: “malam opinionem habere de aliquo,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59: “consuetudo,” Hor. S. 1, 3, 36: “conscientia,” Quint. 12, 1, 3: “mens,” id. ib.: “mores,” Sall. C. 18: “fures,” Hor. S. 1, 1, 77: “Furiae,” id. ib. 2, 3, 135: “virus,” Verg. G. 1, 129: “cicuta,” Hor. S. 2, 1, 56: “libido,” Liv. 1, 57: “falx,” Verg. E. 3, 11: “gramina,” id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17: “abi in malam rem,” go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17: “pugna,” unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56: “avis,” i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46: “ales,” id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4: “haud mala est mulier,” not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42: “facies,” Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43: “crus,” i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102: “pondus,” i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick: “in malis aeger est,” in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.: “tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,” id. 3, 5 med.: “eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,” id. ib.—In neutr. sing., as adv.: “ne gallina malum responset dura palato,” Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.—Comp.: pejor, worse: “via,” Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,
A. In gen.: “orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,” Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25: “quam sit bellum, cavere malum,” Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247: “nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,” id. Lael. 3, 10: “hostes inopinato malo turbati,” Caes. B. C. 2, 12: “externum, i. e. bellum,” Nep. Hamilc. 21: “ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,” Cels. 3, 15: “hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,” Liv. 2, 34, 11.—
B. In partic.
(α).
Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury: “malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,” Liv. 2, 54, 10: “malo exercitum coërcere,” Sall. J. 100, 5: “sine malo,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11: “vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,” ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: “amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,” is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5: “clementiam illi malo fuisse,” was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): “olet homo quidam malo suo,” Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165: “male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,” to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—
(β).
Wrong-doing: “causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,” Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—
(γ).
As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment: “quid tu, malum, me sequere?” Plaut. Cas. 1, 3: “qui, malum, alii?” Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10: “quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—
2. măle , adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, ἀλογιστως, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10: “di isti Segulio male faciant,” do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1: “o factum male de Alexione!” id. Att. 15, 1, 1: “male velle alicui,” to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13: “Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,” Cic. Sen. 6, 18: “male loqui,” id. Rosc. Am. 48: “male loqui alicui, for maledicere,” Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25: “male accipere verbis aliquem,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140: “equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,” to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63: “hoc male habet virum,” annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5: “male se habere,” to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6: “male est animo,” it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21: “male est animo,” I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33: “male fit animo,” I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1: “quae res tibi vertat male,” much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37: “male tibi esse malo quam molliter,” I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1: “proelium male pugnatum,” unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7: “ea quae male empta sunt,” at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1: “male vendere,” at a sacrifice, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: “male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,” id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34: “male tegere mutationem fortunae,” Tac. H. 1, 66: “male sustinere arma,” unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: “male metuo, ne, etc.,” exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2: “rauci,” miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.— “When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,” insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5: “male sana,” with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8: “gratus,” i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27: “male fidas provincias,” unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17: “statio male fida carinis,” unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.—Comp.: “oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,” Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.: “pejusque leto flagitium timet,” Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and: “cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,” id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.
