Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, ض

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4 اضاف ذ , intrans.: see 1, in three places. ― -b2- Also, said of a man, He ran, and hastened, made haste, or sped, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and fled, or turned away and fled: (K:) and said of a dog as meaning he ran away, or fled. (TA in art. جبن.) ― -b3- And اضاف عَلَى الشَّىْءِ i. q. أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ [He looked upon, or viewed, the thing from above: or he was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of the thing: &c.]. (O, K, * TA.) ― -b4- تُضِيفُ إِِلَى صَوْتِ الفَحْلِ, said of a she-camel, means She hears with desire of going to him the voice, or sound, of the stallion. (M.) ― -b5- And الإِِضَافَةُ and ↓ التَّضَايُفُ signify Correlation, or reciprocal relation, so that one of the two cannot be conceived in the mind without the other; as in the case of الأُبُوَّةُ and البُنُوَّةُ [i. e. fathership and sonship]. (KT. [See also 3.]) -A2- اضافهُ إِِلَيْهِ He made it to incline towards it; (S, M, * O, Msb, K; *) namely, a thing (S, O) to a thing. (S, O, Msb.) He made it to lean, rest, or stay itself, against it, or upon it. (M, TA.) You say, اضاف ظَهْرَهُ إِِلَى الحَائِطِ He leaned his back against the wall. (MA.) And اضاف إِِلَيْهِ أَمْرًا (tropical:) He rested, or stayed, upon him an affair, and desired him to do what would suffice. (TA.) ― -b2- And He made him to have recourse to it, or to betake himself to it for refuge. (S, O, K.) ― -b3- And He adjoined it to it. (Msb.) ― -b4- And hence الإِِضَافَةُ as a conventional term of the grammarians; because the first [of two nouns in the case to which it applies] is adjoined to the second: (Msb:) [for] إِِضَافَةُ الاِسْمِ إِِلَى الاِسْمِ is [The prefixing the noun to the noun so that the former governs the latter in the gen. case] as when you say غُلَامُ زَيْدٍ; in which instance, غلام is termed ↓ مُضَافٌ , and زيد is termed إِِلَيْهِ ↓ مُضَافٌ : and this is done for the purpose of particularizing or appropriating, and of making known or definite: therefore the إِِضَافَة of a thing to itself [i. e. the prefixing a noun in this manner to one identical therewith in meaning] is not allowable, because a thing does not make known, or definite, itself; (S;) unless by an ellipsis, as when you say حَقُّ اليَقِينِ for حَقُّ الشَّىْءِ اليَقِينِ; or, accord. to Fr, the Arabs used to do so because of the difference of the two words themselves. (S voce جَامِعٌ.) [الإِِضَافَةُ is also often used as meaning The state of being prefixed in the manner explained above; or the connection of a noun so prefixed with its complement. The various kinds of إِِضَافَة are sufficiently explained in the grammars of De Sacy and others: they are not proper subjects of a lexicon, though much is said respecting them in the O, and more in the Msb. ― -b5- Hence also, بِالإِِضَافَةِ إِِلَى كَذَا meaning In comparison with (lit. to), or in relation to, (like بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِِلَى,) such a thing; as though in juxtaposition to it: a phrase of frequent occurrence: see an ex. in Bd ii. 6.] ― -b6- أَضَفْتُهُ (inf. n. إِِضَافَةٌ, Msb) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ (inf. n. تَضْيِيفٌ, O) both signify the same, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) from الضِّيَافَةُ; (O;) i. e. both signify I made him a guest, or lodged him, or gave him refuge or asylum, syn. أَنْزَلْتُهُ, (S, M, Msb,) with me, as a ضَيْف [or guest], (S,) and entertained him: (S, M, Msb:) أَضَافُوهُ and ↓ ضَيَّفُوهُ both signify أَنْزَلُوهُ: (Mgh:) accord. to Th, أَضَفْتُهُ signifies I lodged him at my abode as a ضَيْف: and I gave him (i. e. one in fear) protection, or refuge or asylum: (Msb:) and ↓ ضَيَّفْتُهُ is also expl. as meaning I fed him: and ↓ ضيّفهُ as meaning he made him to be in the condition of أَضْيَاف [or guests]. (TA.)