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f 16 inches diameter and weight 21 pounds, was used to concentrate the rays, the focal distance being then 63 inches, the diameter of focus 1/2 inch. This lens was carried to China by an officer in the suite of Lord Macartney, and left at Pekin. The effects of the burning arrangement were as follows: — Weight.Time. Substances.Grains.Seconds. Gold (pure)204 Silver (pure)203 Copper (pure)3320 Platinum (pure)103 Nickel163 Bar-iron1012 Cast-iron103 Steel1012 Topaz345 Emerald225 Flint1930 Carnelian1075 Jasper1025 Onyx1020 Garnet1017 Spar1060 Rotten-stone1080 Slate102 Asbestos1010 Limestone1035 Pumice-stone1024 Lava1024 Volcanic clay1060 See burning-mirror. Burn′ing-house. (Metallurgy.) A miner's term for a kiln or roasting-furnace in which volatile mineral matters are expelled, as the sulphur from tin pyrites. A kiln. Burning-mir′ror. A concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, so arranged as to concentrate the sun's heating rays
ree stand as a tripod. Bronze caltrops (tribulus) were used by the Romans. Calx. 1. Broken and refuse glass, which is restored to the pots. 2. A metallic oxide, the result of the calcination of a metallic earth or ore. Cal′y-on. Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc. Cam. A revolving disk, usually of a spiral, eccentric, or heart shape, fixed on a shaft; or such other form as to impart to a lever, rod, or block in contact with it such velocity or alternating Knives, swords, chisels, and axes were originally made of material found ready to the hand, and this varied with the place. Among the Caribs they were made of shells of the Strombus gigas, which is still fished for off the island of Barbadoes. Flint knives and tools were used in almost all parts of Europe and America; they are found under circumstances which indicate that man was contemporaneous with a number of extinct animals, such as the Bos longifrons, the Irish elk, the Elephas primigen
of the arm of a crane or of a cat-head. 3. A spiral wing or vane on a shaft, acting as a propeller or conveyor. Flight′er. A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor. Flint. A variety of silicious stone used to strike fire; also largely used in making the fine kinds of pottery. Its uses — domestic and for fire-arms — for striking fire are now much abridged among civilized nations. The friction-match and fulmina 6. Beads, imitation pearls, etc. 7. Glass accessories to lamps, gas-lights, brackets, etc., such as globes, chimneys, drops, bells, reflectors, etc. Flint-knife. A knife of archaeological interest, made from flint chipped to shape. Flint was very early used as a cutting implement by the nations so fortunate as to possess it. A sort of saw, which passed for a knife, consisted of flakes of flint inserted into wooden handles and secured by bitumen or by lashings of gut or sinews. O<
erent places, as many notable proportions are, as it were, accidental; that is, are present in the sand which is most readily accessible, or are used to correct such faulty admixture. The following analyses are approximate:— Plate.Broad.Crown.Flint.Bottle.Tube.Optical. Silica78696352597343 Potash2221421212 Soda1316103 Lime513122011 Alumina231211 Oxide of lead3244 Oxide of iron217 100100100100100100100 Glass was known in Egypt in the reign of Osirtasen, 740 B. C. He may have reigl-stone.Fish-skin. Abrasive substances used in powder; materials stated in about the order of their hardness: — Diamond.Turkey-stone dust. Sapphire.Rottenstone. Ruby.Slate. Corundum.Pumice. Emery.Chalk. Sand.Oxide of iron, colcothar. Flint.Crocus or rouge. Glass.Oxide of tin or putty-powder. Tripoli. The abrasive powders are applied by thin circular disks, which cause them to act as saws. On the periphery of wheels which act as grindstones, glazers, or buffs, according to
29 inches. This reduced the diameter of the burning focus to 1/2 inch, quadrupling its power. It cost $3,500, and melted : — Pure gold20 grains in 4 seconds. Silver20 grains in 3 seconds. Copper33 grains in 20 seconds. Platinum10 grains in 3 seconds. Cast-iron (a cube)10 grains in 3 seconds. Steel10 grains in 12 seconds. Common slate10 grains in 2 seconds. A topaz3 grains in 45 seconds. An emerald2 grains in 25 seconds. Crystal7 grains in 6 seconds. Lava10 grains in 7 seconds. Flint10 grains in 30 seconds. Jasper10 grains in 25 seconds. Carnelian10 grains in 75 seconds. Pumice-stone10 grains in 24 seconds. Wood burned immediately; water flashed into steam; bones fell into a calcined form at once. This glass was carried to China by Lord Macartney, and was left in Pekin. It was probably stolen or destroyed in the sacking of the summer palace by the allies. A flint-glass lens, weighing 224 pounds, was exhibited at the London Exposition, 1851. A burning-le
ian2.597-2.630 Cement, Portland1.300 Cement, Roman1.560 Chalcedony2.586-2.664 Chalk1.520-2.784 Chrysolite2.782-3.489 Clay1.93-2.16 Coal, anthracite1.436-1.640 Coal, cannel1.238-1.318 Coal, Cumberland, Md.1.355 Coal, Newcastle1.270 Coal, Welsh1.315 Coke1.000 Corundum3.710-3.981 Cryolite2.692-3.077 Diamond, Oriental3.521-3.550 Diamond, Brazilian3.444 Dolomite2.800 Earth2.194 Earth, loose1.500 Earth, rammed1.600 Earth, moist sand2.050 Emerald2.600 Emerald, Brazilian3.155 Flint2.586-2.664 Garnet, common3.576-3.688 Garnet, precious4.000-4.352 Granite2.613-2.956 Gypsum1.872-3.310 Gypsum, ordinary, about2.3 Hornblende, common3.600-3.830 Hyacinth4.000-4.620 Jade2.959-3.389 Jasper2.566-2.816 Jet1.259-1.300 Limestone2.700-2.837 Limestone, green3.182 Marl1.700-2.944 Malachite3.572-3.994 Marble2.516-2.858 Mica2.546-2.934 Millstone2.484 Mortar1.384-1.750 Mud, about1.630 Opal1.958-2.144 Peat0.600-1.329 Pitchstone1.970-2.720 Plaster of Paris1.176 Plumb
ar shot. Battle-axe.Cross-bow. Bayonet.Cuirass. Bayonet-scabbard frog.Cuisse. Bilbo.Culverin. Bill.Curtal-axe. Bird bolt.Cutlass. Birding-piece.Dagger. Blank cartridge.Dahlgren-gun. Blow-pipe for blow-gun.Dart. Blunderbuss.Dirk. Boarding-pike.Double-barreled gun. Bolas.Double headed shot. Bomb.Enfield rifle. Bombard.Eprouvette. Bomb-chest.Falchion. Bomb for killing whales.Field-gun. Bomb-lance.Fire-arm. Bomb-shell.Fire-ball. Boomerang.Fire-lock. Bow.Fish-gig. Bowie-knife.Flint. Brake.Flint-lock. Breech-loader.Flying-artillery. Breech-sight.Foil. Broadsword.Fowling-piece. Buckshot.Friction-primer. Bridge-barrel.Friction-tube. Bullet.Fuse. Bullet-mold.Fuse-lock. Bullet-screw.Fusil. Bullet-shell.Gatling-gun. Burrel-shot.Gauntlet. Caisson.Gingal. Cane-gun.Gis arm. Canister-shot.Glave. CannonGrape-shot. Cannon-ball.Greek-fire. Cannon royal.Grenade. Cap. Percussion.Gun. Carbine.Gun-barrel. Carcass.Gun-carriage. Carronade.Gun-cotton. Carthoun.Gun-h