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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
andle or hilt by a tang. The blade of a sword consists of the Shoulder; at the junction of the tang. Forte; half the blade nearest the guard. Foible or faible; half the blade nearest to the point. Tang.Flat. Point.Edge. Back. 4. (Agriculture.) The share of a shovel-plow, cultivator, or horse-hoe. These are of various forms. Plow and cultivator blades. 5. (Shipwrighting.) The float or vane of a paddle-wheel or propeller. Blanc′ard. （Fabric.) A linen cloth of Normandy, made of half-bleached thread. Blan′chard lathe. A lathe for turning irregular forms, invented by Thomas Blanchard. It was the first successful lathe for turning gun-stocks, axehandles, shoe-lasts, etc. The idea was partly elicited in Brunel's block-turning machine. See Blockmaking machine; lathe. Blanched Cop′per. （Metallurgy.) An alloy composed of copper, 8 oz., and 1/2 oz. of neutral arsenical salt, fused together under a flux of calcined borax, charcoal-dust, and fi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ney in Bolton Castle, erected in the reign of Richard II., 1377-1399, has a chimney thus described by Leland: — One thynge I muche notyd in the hawle of Bolton, finiched or kynge Richard the 2 dyed, how chimeneys were conveyed by tunnels made on the syds of the walls betwyxt the lights in the hawle, and by this means, and by no covers, is the smoke of the harthe in the hawle wonder strangely conveyed. In the old palace at Caen, which was inhabited by the Conqueror while he was Duke of Normandy, the great guard-chamber contains two spacious recessed fire-hearths in the north wall, still in good preservation, from which the smoke was carried away in the same manner as in the above examples. The opening into the room is the fireplace. The floor of the fireplace is the hearth. The paved portion in front of the hearth is the slab. At the back of the fireplace is the fire-back. The flaring sides of the fireplace are the covings. The vertical sides of the opening, a pa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
r to carry grain in a conductor from one place to another, in a thrasher, grain-cleaner, smut-mill, mill, warehouse, or clevator. Grain-cra′dle. A light, four-fingered frame attached to the snath of a grain-scythe so as to catch the cut grain and allow it to be laid evenly in a swath. Our four-fingered grain-cradle, whose post is braced by rods, and whose swath has a single nib for the right hand, seems to have originated in France; Loudon (1844) speaks of it as an ordinary tool in Normandy. Grain-damp′er. A device for applying steam to grain to scald the bran and facilitate the process of decortication. A jet of steam entering a tube where the grain descends a series of inclines is a usual method. Grain-drill. A grain-drill may sow one or more rows of seed, but a drilling-machine, by common consent apparently, is adapted for sowing seed in equidistant rows, on a flat surface; on the top of a narrow ridge; in the interval between two ridges; or in the bottom of a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
m's book, A. D. 680, in an essay on character, occurs a simile from the art of figure-weaving, in which he refers to a web woven by shuttles, filled with threads of purple and many other colors, flying from side to side, and forming a variety of figures and images. A famous specimen of embroidery of this character is preserved in the Cathedral of Bayeaux. It is a piece of linen about 19 inches in width and 67 yards in length, containing the history of the conquest of England by William of Normandy. It is supposed to have been executed by Matilda, wife of William, and the ladies of her court. Its beauty is principally needlework. The annexed cut is from Erasmus's book, the Praise of Folly, and shows the lady of the house at her loom. The cloth-beam, shuttle, and harness are clearly shown. A Ladye at her loom. What need we name the sev'ral kinds of looms? Those delicate, to whose fair-colour'd threads Hang figur'd weights, whose various numbers guide The artist's hand:
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
able. Whales found on the coast were perquisites of royalty; they were cut up and sent to the king's kitchen in carts. Edward II. gave a reward of 20 shillings to three mariners who caught a whale near London Bridge. Those found on the banks of the Thames were claimed by the lord mayor, and added to the civic feast. Pieces of whale were often purchased in the thirteenth century for the table of the Countess of Leicester. England was supplied with this choice dainty by the fishermen of Normandy, who made it an article of commerce. The Normans had various ways of cooking it; sometimes it was roasted and brought to the table on a spit, but the usual way was to boil it and serve it with peas. Epicures looked out for a slice from the tongue or the tail. The grampus or sea-wolf was also highly esteemed, but, of all the blubber dainties, the porpoise was deemed the most savory. The Saxons called it sea-swine, and the ecclesiastics of the Middle Ages porco-marino. Porpoises were purc