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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
raised one foot in the same time, according to Boulton and Watt's experiments. The following statement by Hachette shows125 x 2 1/2 × 8 = 2,500. By the experiments of Boulton and Watt they determined that a good horse can draw 125 pounds at the water, being supported at intervals on timber pillars. Watt's submerged aqueduct across the bed of the Clyde was an artthe fire. The subject has been amplified of late years. Watt introduced it into his steam — boiler furnace about 1767. of Blois, France, in 1695; improved by Newcomen, 1705, and Watt, 1769. It was the first good steam-engine on a working sca of the Cornish engine. The present form of the engine has Watt's improvements. In it the steam from the boiler is condug and closing the respective valves at the proper times. Watt's atmospheric engine. To the engine of Newcomen, Watt aWatt added, among other improvements, the separate condenser and the air-pump. By the former he avoided the cooling of the cylind
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
ding to its capacity. The idea seems to have originated in the Constant furnace of the alchemists. See Athanor. James Watt contrived a smoke-consuming furnace on that principle. See smoke-consuming furnace. The principle of the base-burngine.) The pump-rod and the piston were suspended by flexible connections from arcs on the ends of the working-beam. When Watt came to the work, he devised the parallel motion as a means of communicating a vertical motion to a rod from a point on a erthollet, in 1784, ascertained that an aqueous solution of chlorine discharged vegetable colors. This he communicated to Watt, and it was soon adopted in Scotland with linen. Berthollet added potash to the water to preserve the health of the workms the cutterblock. Cylinder borer. This machine was invented by George Wright when in the employment of Boulton and Watt, Birmingham, England. A machine substantially the same, but with a different feed arrangement, is shown in the accompan
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ach again the heart whence the water flowed. Watt warmed buildings in this manner in 1784. Calscorpers of the carver. As early as 1800, a Mr. Watt, of London, built a machine that carved medaump introduced by the successors of Boulton and Watt in connection with the boilers of sea-going vesision of the folio work on Shipbuilding, by Messrs. Watt, Rankin, Barnes, and Napier. Mackenzie, Lone. Trevethick applied high-pressure steam to Watt's ordinary single cylinder or Cornish engine, wms:— The injection condenser was invented by Watt, who was a philosophical-instrument maker in Gl wrist or pin; b, shaft; c, web; d, boss. James Watt—no mean judge—remarks that the true inventor a meritorious application, however, devised by Watt, to turn the reciprocating action of the pistonut the design from a sketch and conversation of Watt's workmen. Watt invented the sun and planet moWatt invented the sun and planet motion as a substitute (which see). See also planet-wheel and epicycloidal wheel. If the foot-lathe we[8 more...
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
shing into the fire above the grates. It was introduced by Watt in his patent of 1785. Dead-point. One of the points uble-acting engine. This form of engine was invented by Watt. The piston of the Newcomen atmospheric-engine, on which WWatt was improving, was raised by steam at a moderate pressure, and depressed by the pressure of the atmosphere when the steam beneath the piston was condensed by a water-jet. Watt added the separate condenser, air-pump, and the steam-jacket to therger cylinder. Working steam expansively was invented by Watt and introduced in 1778. Hornblower's expansive engine, pdouble steam-engine (Leopold's) preceded the double-acting (Watt's)-See double-cylinder steam-engine; duplex steam-engine. ingmachine for raising ballast from the Thames. In 1796, Watt made a steam dredger for deepening Sunderland Harbor. Thay, has been denominated duty, a term first introduced by Mr. Watt in ascertaining the comparative merit of steam-engines, w
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
permit. Epi-cy-cloid′al wheel. An epicycloid is a curve generated by a point in the circumference of a movable circle, which rolls on the inside or outside of the circumference of a fixed circle. See sun and planet motion, the invention of Watt. An epicycloidal wheel is a contrivance for securing parallel motion, in converting reciprocating mo- tion into circular, depending on the principle that an inner epicycloidal curve becomes a straight line when the diameter of the fixed circlel other lines on the surface are altered both in length and in relative angular position. The process is applied to surfaces not truly developable. See development. 3. (Steam.) The principle of working steam expansively was discovered by Watt, and was the subject-matter of his patent of 1782. By it the supply of steam from the boiler to the cylinder is cut off when the latter is only partially filled, the remainder of the stroke of the piston being completed by the expansion of the st
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
teeth on their peripheries, to act as first motions, by Fairbairn of Manchester, England. The fly-wheel attached to the engine set up at Millwall by Boulton and Watt, for rolling armorplates, weighs 100 tons. The Mahovo is the name given by the inventor, Captain C. Von Schubersky, of Russia, to an adaptation of the fly-wheel from 1 to 4 guns. Four-way cock. Four-way cock. A cock having two separate passages in the plug, and communicating with four pipes. The invention of James Watt. Fowl′ingpiece. A fire-arm adapted for ordinary sporting. See fire-arm. Fox. （Nautical.) A small strand of rope made by twisting several rope-yaand feeding it regularly and evenly upon the grate under the boilers. It is worked by the engine. It will be readily understood without specific description. James Watt. 1769, and some even before him, tried to feed furnaces mechanically to save fuel. Some of the devices are noted under smoke-consuming furnace (which see).
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
gas-distilling apparatus and lighted his house and offices by gas distributed through service-pipes. In 1798, Murdoch lighted with gas the works of Boulton and Watt, Soho, near Birmingham. On the occasion of a public rejoicing for peace, 1802, he made an illumination of the Works; probably an outside exhibition of his pet, ing the valve. This use of the device of the two suspended revolving balls, whose circle of revolution widens as the speed of the engine increases, is due to James Watt, who adapted it from an ancient device in windmills. The full-page engraving opposite to page 998 shows fifteen variations in form and structure of the ballg-coal with. The cradell was probably a standing basket-grate. This is an early mention of the use of sea-coal, but the basket form was common in cressets. James Watt, in 1785, patented an arrangement for consuming the smoke in furnaces, by supplying the fire from above downward by means of a reservoir of fuel in contact with
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
as thus warmed. See calorifere; hot-water heating-apparatus. James Watt, in 1784, heated his study by a steam box or heater made of sheetrved as supports for the floor. This was constructed by Boulton and Watt in 1799. Fig. 2473 shows one form of steam-heating apparatus, in old nomenclature. All the engines of Newcomen and the early ones of Watt were single-acting and condensing, and steam much over a temperatureall the use of steam in the Newcomen period and the early patents of Watt, which concerned the separate condenser, parallel motion, four-way e other features of the engine now known as the Cornish (which see). Watt subsequently used actual pressure of steam, was the first to use it . The measure of a steam-engine's power, as originally settled by James Watt. A lifting power equal to 33,000 pounds raised one foot high per minute. This was taken by Mr. Watt as the average power exerted by a mill-horse traveling at the rate of 2 1/2 miles an hour (or 220 feet a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
registers the relative amounts of steam pressure exerted on the piston at each portion of its stroke. It was invented by Watt. Watt's indicator A consists of a cylinder a in which works a piston b, that is (when the cylinder Steam-indicator. iWatt's indicator A consists of a cylinder a in which works a piston b, that is (when the cylinder Steam-indicator. is not in communication with the steam-cylinder) maintained near the midlength of the indicator cylinder by the spiral spring c. The piston-rod works through a collar d, and has at its upper end a device for holding a pencil. Communication with the sut, in which the exhaust steam from the cylinder is condensed by a shower of cold water. The capacity of the condenser in Watt's original engines was 1/8 that of the cylinder; but, according to present practice, it ranges from 1/4 to 1/2 of that of st-furnaces. In 1760 Smeaton erected at the Carron works the first large blowing cylinders, and shortly after Boulton and Watt supplied the steam-engines by which the blowers were driven. Peter Onions, in his patent of 1783, described the rationale
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), J. (search)
fishermen. 2. Large boots with a front-piece coming above the knee; worn by cavalry-men, and sometimes by huntsmen. Jack cross-tree. （Nautical.) An iron crosstree at the head of a top-gallant mast. Jack′et. An enveloping or outer case of clothing, steam, water, or other substance. 1. A steam-jacket is a body of steam between an inner and outer cylinder or casing; its usual purpose is to warm or maintain the warmth of the contents of the inner cylinder. It was invented by Watt. The steam space around an evaporating-pan to heat the contents. Other jackets are of wood or other non-conducting material. Cylinders of steam-engines are sometimes covered with felt and an ornamental wooden casing to prevent radiation of heat. Steam-boilers, for the same purpose, are jacketed with felt on the upper part. Cleading, deading, lagging. 2. (Nautical.) a. A double or outer coat. b. A casing for a steam-chimney where it passes through a deck. 3. A swimming garm
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