ADJECTIVES All, both, each, every, other
The Adjectives all, each, both, every, other, are sometimes interchanged and used as Pronouns in a manner different from modern usage. All for any: “They were slaine without all mercie.” HOLINSHED.“Without all reason.” ASCH. 48. (Comp. in Latin "sine omni, &c.") Heb. vii. 7: Wickliffe, "withouten ony agenseiyinge;" Rheims, Geneva, and A. V. "without all contradiction." This construction, which is common in Ascham and Andrewes, is probably a Latinism in those authors. It may be, however, that in "things without all remedy," Macb. iii. 2. 11, "without" is used in the sense of "outside," "beyond." See Without (197). All for every: “Good order in all thyng.” ASCH. 62.“Without all bail.
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We still use "all" for "all men." But Ascham (p. 54) wrote: "Ill commonlie have over much wit," and (p. 65) "Infinite shall be made cold by your example, that were never hurt by reading of bookes." This is perhaps an attempt to introduce a Latin idiom. Shakespeare, however, writes:“And all thing unbecoming.
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Each for "all" or "each one of:"“What ever have been thought on.
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So every (i.e. "ever-ich," "ever-each"):“At each his needless heavings.
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And "none:"“Of every these happen'd accidents.
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Each for "both:"“None our parts.
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“And each though enemies to either's reign
Do in consent shake hands to torture me.
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“Each in her sleep themselves so beautify.
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This confusion is even now a common mistake. Compare “How pale each worshipful and rev'rend guest“Tell me
In peace what each of them by the other lose.
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Rise from a Clergy or a City feast.” POPE, Imit. Hor. ii. 75. Each for "each other:"
(i.e. both friends each to the other.) Both seems put for "each," or either used for "each other," in“But being both from me, both to each friend.
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There may, however, be an ellipsis of each after both: “They are both (each) in either's powers.“They are both in either's powers.
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” Compare
It is natural to conjecture that this is a misprint for "one or other's." But compare“A thousand groans ...
Came (one) on another's neck.
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(See 88) Every one, Other, Neither, are used as plural pronouns:“I think there is not half a kiss to choose
Who loves another best.
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“Every one of these considerations, syr, move me.” ASCH. Dedic.“And every one to rest themselves betake.
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“Everything
In readiness for Hymenæus stand.
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"Every" is a pronoun in“Smooth every passion
That in the nature of their lord rebel.
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; A. Y. L. v. 4. 180.“If every of your wishes had a womb.
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“Other have authoritie.” ASCH. 46.“Thersites' body is as good as Ajax'
When neither are alive.
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Other is also used as a singular pronoun (even when not preceded by "each"):1“And therefore is the glorious planet Sol
In noble eminence enthron'd and spher'd
Amidst the other.
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“With greedy force each other doth assail.” SPENS. F. Q. i. 5. 6. i.e.“Every time gentler than other.
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“each doth assail the other.
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“We learn no other but the confident tyrant
Keeps still in Dunsinane.
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“He hopes it is no other
But, for your health and your digestion's sake,
An after-dinner's breath.
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“If you think other.
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In the two last passages "other" may be used adverbially for "otherwise," as in Macbeth, i. 7. 77, which may explain“Suppose no other.
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i.e. "no cause otherwise than for meekness." The use of all（e) and other（e) as plural pronouns is consistent with ancient usage. It was as correct as "omnes" and "alii" in Latin, as "alle" and "andere" in German. Our modern "others said" is only justified by a custom which might have compelled us to say "manys" or "alls said," and which has induced us to say "our betters," though not (with Heywood) "our biggers." The plural use of neither, "not both," depends on the plural use of either for "both," which is still retained in "on either side," used for "on both sides." This is justified by the original meaning of ei-ther, i.e. "every one of two," just as whe-ther means "which of two." "Either" in O.E. is found for "both." Similarly we say "none were taken" instead of "none (no one) was taken." We still retain the use of other as a pronoun without the in such phrases as "they saw each other," for "they saw each the other." Many is also used as a noun. (See 5.) Hence we have:“They can be meek that have no other cause.
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Beside the adjective "mani," "moni" (many), there was also in Early English the noun "manie" or "meine" (multitude, from Fr. "maisgnée," Lat. "minores natu"). But it is doubtful whether this influenced the use just mentioned.“In many's looks.
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