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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 212 212 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory, containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America., together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 42 42 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 40 40 Browse Search
Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 31 31 Browse Search
Benjamin Cutter, William R. Cutter, History of the town of Arlington, Massachusetts, ormerly the second precinct in Cambridge, or District of Menotomy, afterward the town of West Cambridge. 1635-1879 with a genealogical register of the inhabitants of the precinct. 21 21 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 3 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 16 16 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 2 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 16 16 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Walcott Boynton, Reader's History of American Literature 13 13 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 12 12 Browse Search
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 2 9 9 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1827 AD or search for 1827 AD in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
we understand; but it is claimed for Stirling at the date of his second patent, 1827. This, however, is not correct, for it is found in the specification of Lilley,. This was the form of Brunel's engine, British, 1804; and Stirling's, British, 1827; and Peters's, 1862. 4th. Those engines in which water or steam is mingled wprinciple of the English patents of Glazebrook, 1797; and Parkinson and Crosley, 1827. Laubereau, April 10, 1849; patented in England, 1847. This engine is the fied over a spirit-lamp. The discovery of aluminium was at last made by Wohler in 1827, who succeeded in 1846 in obtaining minute globules or beads of this metal by henited States in 1812, in France in 1821, and was experimented upon in England in 1827 at the suggestion of General Ford, who proposed to protect fortifications by wroheap and will all come right. In 1816, 100 of these arms were made; 2,000, in 1827. In 1836 Congress voted $10,000 to Hall, being at the rate of one dollar per ar
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
iles. Technically, balls are termed solid shot, or simply shot, to distinguish them from hollow projectiles. They are now universally made of cast-iron, though stone was formerly employed, and was used in some instances by the Turks as late as 1827. In South America balls of copper were formerly used, this metal being there, at that period, cheaper than iron. The Foedera mentions an order of Henry V., A. D. 1418, to the clerk of the works of his ordnance, for making 7,000 stone balls fuse of it. In England many kinds of clay were used; but the chief dependence was on that known as the Stourbridge clay, which, when mixed with pulverized coke, made a useful and cheap melting-pot, but it could not be cooled off and used again. In 1827 the late Mr. Joseph Dixon began the manufacture of crucibles by mixing the graphite, otherwise known as plumbago, found in the State of New Hampshire, with a clay used by the glass-makers, for meltingpots; and these were much better than the Dutch
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
, unbleached calicoes of India. Du′ty. The useful effect of an engine in work performed. This term was first explained in a definite and precise manner by Davies Gilbert, President of the Royal Society, in a paper read before that body in 1827. The criterion of the efficiency of ordinary machines is force, multiplied by the space through which it acts; the effect which they produce, measured in the same way, has been denominated duty, a term first introduced by Mr. Watt in ascertaining he Newcomen engine, improved by Smeaton9,500,000. In 1778 to 1815, the Watt engine20,000,000 In 1820, the improved Cornish engine, average duty28,000,000 In 1826, the improved Cornish engine, average duty30,000,000 Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1827, the improved Cornish engine, average duty32,000,000 In 1828, the improved Cornish engine, average duty37,000,000 In 1829, the improved Cornish engine, average duty41,000,000 In 1830, the improved Cornish engine, average duty43,350,000 In 1839
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
iece nailed upon a rafter to strengthen it when decayed. Fur′bish-er. A burnisher. Fur-cut′ter. 1. A machine for cutting the fur from the skin. Johnson, 1837, has a knife hinged at the end, and descending to make a shear cut against a stationary blade. The skin passes over a small roller, which displays the fur and enables the knife to reach the hairs near the roots, without to any great extent cutting to waste or cutting the same hairs twice. Petre's fur-cutter. Petre, 1827, has a pair of rollers, between which the skin passes. As the skin is bent over one of the rollers, the hairs are displayed and thus laid over a straight edge. The knives are fixed radially to a rotating disk, and shear past the straight-edge, severing the hairs with nearness to the skin determined by the set of the machine. Williams, 1832, has a frame with a series of parallel knife-edges presented upwardly. Over them is a block carrying an oblique knife which makes a shear cut upon th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
urposes in the mechanic arts. It was utilized as a lubricator in the immediate neighborhood of its natural deposits two hundred years ago, but was not widely used till within the past few years. It can hardly be exceeded as a lubricator, when finely pulverized, perfectly pure, and free from grit, — conditions which are absolutely necessary for this use. It has been mixed with clay for crucibles since the tenth century, but was not generally adopted till the foliated variety was utilized, in 1827, by an American, — the late Mr. Joseph Dixon of Jersey City. It was early adopted for crayons, and was found in use by the Aztecs when Cortez landed in Mexico. It is indispensable in the graphic arts, in the form of what are commonly called leadpencils, the finest of which were formerly made in England from the granulated, pure graphite, taken from the celebrated Borrowdale Mine in Cumberland; but after that mine became exhausted the world was supplied with pencils made from the impure grap
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
aw their supplies directly from the atmosphere, and discharge them into the atmosphere again after they have produced their effect. Such are the Ericsson, Stillman, Roper, Baldwin, Messer, Wilcox engines, described on pp. 40-43. See also Dr. Barnard's report on the French Exposition, pp. 34-40, and plate 1. Second, those which employ continually the same air, which is alternately heated and cooled, but which is not allowed to escape. Such are the Glazebrook (1797), Parkinson and Crosley (1827), Laubereau (1849), Schwartz, described on pp. 43, 44. These and other distinguishing features are described under air-engine(which see). Hot-air Fur′nace. One in which air is heated for warming houses, or for purposes of drying, usually the former. The arrangements are various, but a common kind is a form of stove in a brick chamber, the air coursing around the stove and among certain pipes and chambers in which circulate the volatile products of combustion. In the example (Fig. 2
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
ess; and Henry Cort, of Gosport, in 1784, made it practicable, and added grooved rolls, by which the puddled bar was drawn. Neilson, of Glasgow, introduced the hot blast in 1828. Aubulot, in France, in 1811, and Budd, in England, in 1845, heated the blast by the escaping hot gases of the blast-furnace. The Calder works, in 1831, demonstrated the needlessness of coking when hot blast is employed. Experiments in smelting with anthracite coal were tried at Mauch Chunk in 1820, in France in 1827, and in Wales successfully by the aid of Neilson's hot-blast ovens in 1837. The experiment at Mauch Chunk was repeated, with the addition of the hot blast, in 1838, 1839, and succeeded in producing about two tons per day. The Pioneer furnace at Pottsville was blown July, 1839. The first iron-works in America were established near Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. In 1622, however, the works were destroyed, and the workmen, with their families, massacred by the Indians. The next attempt was
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
things he performed. The kite has been used in scaling eminences; two remarkable occasions may be cited: the ascent of Pompey's pillar, a pillar of red granite 114 feet high, near Alexandria; and in the ascent of the Peter Botte Mountain in the Mauritius. It is also used for lodging a cord on steeples and other structures, to enable them to be fitted with lightning-rods or for the purpose of repair. The first wire of the foot Suspension-Bridge at Niagara was carried over by a kite. In 1827 Pocock yoked a pair of kites to a carriage, and traveled from London to Bristol. He determined that a 12-foot kite gave the power of a man, with a moderate breeze, and, when the wind is brisker, a power of 220 pounds. (This is an incomplete statement, but the figures are not ours.) The force, he states, in a rather high wind, is as the squares of the lengths of the kites; and two kites, of 12 and 15 feet respectively, will draw a carriage and four or five passengers at the rate of 20 miles p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
f et. 2. (Surgical.) a. A thread to tie arteries or veins. b. A wire cord or thread used in removing tumors, etc. See ecraseur. c. The bandage used for phlebotomy. Galen recommends silk thread for tying bloodvessels in surgical operations. The ligation of the femoral artery was first performed by Hunter, about 1785. That of the external iliac by Abernethy, 1796. The internal iliac by Alexander Stevens, in 1812. The common iliac successfully by Dr. Valentine Mott, in 1827. The common carotid by Sir Astley Cooper (successfully), in 1808. The innominata by Mott in 1818, and successfully by Dr. J. W. Smythe in 1864. Ambrose Pare, born at Laval, in France, in 1509, was a member of the fraternity of barber-surgeons; but, such was the reputation he acquired as an operator, he was made surgeon to four successive sovereigns of France, and, among others, to the weak and cruel Charles IX., by whom, however, although Pare was a Huguenot, his life was saved on th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
er machine then known, more nearly to the standard of the India muslins, which are yet the admiration of the cotton-trade. Crompton gave up his invention to the public in 1780. Thirty-two years afterward he received pound5,000 from government as a compensation for his services. This was unfortunately frittered away in starting his sons in business, and the father was again in poverty. A subscription was raised for him which supported him during the last two years of his life. He died in 1827. Crompton obtained no patent, and his poverty was not rendered additionally miserable by vexatious litigations and hopes deferred. There seems to have been no conscience among manufacturers as to the right of property in patents during the period marked by the inventions of Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Watt. The latter two, by indomitable energy and the possession of partners of skill, capital, and business tact, survived the attack of the Ishmaelites, and left honored names and good estat
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