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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
7, 1871. 115,258E. WhitneyMay 23, 1871. 129,334J. GordonJuly 16, 1872. 134,442O. SchneclockDec. 31, 1872. 142,376B. K. DorwartSept. 2, 1873. 1. (b.) Behind a Barrel; Cylinder charged at Rear. 12,648R. WhiteApr. 3, 1855. 15,032F. B. E. BeaumontJune 3, 1856. 19,961R. WhiteApr. 13, 1858. 20,607F. H. HarringtonJune 15, 1858. 21 400E. AllenSept. 7, 1858. 22,005E. AllenNov. 9, 1858. 22,348E. ClaudeDec. 21, 1858. 24,666Smith and WessonJuly 5, 1859. 24,726Ells and WhiteJuly 12, 18number of piles of folded cloth while they are vulcanized and blended together by a steam heat of say 280° F. Flat-rail. A railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar, spiked to a longitudinal sleeper. Tramways of wood were laid down by Beaumont at Newcastle, in 1602. They were protected by flat straps of iron in 1738, at Whitehaven. Flat cast-iron plates were laid at Coalbrookdale in 1767. The angular cast-iron rail was used in 1776. Edge rails of cast-iron in 1789. Rolled rails i
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
through the opening h, which is controlled by a damper. These stoves are mounted on pillars, are made narrower toward the top, and are not placed in contact with the wall, so as to expose their whole heated surface. In other cases they are built within partition walls, so as to heat two apartments at the same time. The fronts of these stoves are frequently quite ornamental, being built up into several stories of white porcelain in tasteful designs, and having polished brass doors. Beaumont's English stove (B) acts by a downward current. Two iron plates c are laid upon the foundation d, and between them is a sliding plate which covers the ash-pit. They are surmounted by a drum lined with firebrick and having a flue x. The drum is covered with a circular plate of cast-iron, having an opening for the admission of fuel and covered by a lid, pivoted to serve as a register. On lighting the fire this is slightly opened, and though the smoke at first tends to rise that way, the he
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
melting lead. Lead from Sil′ver sep′a-rat-ing. Pattinson's method (English) of separating lead from silver is an economical substitute for cupellation. It is founded upon the property which pure lead has of crystalizing out of a solution of silver in lead. The argentiferous lead being fused is allowed to cool slowly, solid crystals of nearly pure lead are first formed, and are separated by an iron strainer from time to time, the melted remainder becoming still richer in silver. At Beaumont's works, Allenheads, Northumberland, the process is conducted in hemispherical, cast-iron pans, each holding about 3 tons of metal and heated by a fire beneath. The process is several times repeated, and the remaining metal is treated by cupellation. Argentiferous lead ores containing only 3 ounces of silver to the ton can be profitably worked for the silver by this means, while 20 ounces of silver to the ton scarcely paid when treated by the process of cupellation. See also cupellat
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
h turns a screw working through a box in an upright standard. See also F, Plate XXV. Rail′way. A way or road provided with rails, upon which the wheels of the carriages roll. Roads with wooden rails (tramways) were first laid down by Mr. Beaumont at or in the vicinity of Newcastle, England, 1602. Between this and 1650 they began to become common in the Newcastle coalfields, and were employed in transporting coal from the pits whence it was extracted to the staiths or discharging-placery rapidly without injury to the stationary parts. The Mont Cenis and Hoosac tunnels gave a great impetus to this class of inventions, among which were a number intended for excavating the whole face of the boring at once. Such were those of Beaumont and Berrens. These were to cut an annular groove of the required circumference by means of drills rotated on a large cylinder-head, the core to be afterward removed by blasting. Captain Penrice proposed to do away with blasting by studding t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
l from extraneous substances. Smelt′er's fume. （Metallurgy.) The metallic fume resulting from the smelting of lead, the sublimation of zinc from ore, mercury from cinnabar, etc. The fumes of some lead-smelting furnaces are 3 feet in width, 6 feet in hight, and are sometimes several thousand yards in length. The gallery of the Allen lead-mill Northumberland, England, has a length of 8,789 yards (nearly 5 miles), a hight of 8 feet, and a width of 6. The lead thus collected in Mr. Beaumont's mines, in the district mentioned, amounts to $50,000 annually. Quicksilver furnaces are elaborate examples of this form of condenser. See mercury; Aludel. Blende or black-jack is sublimed, and the fumes filtered through bags. See zinc. The fumes of the copper-smelting furnace are led to great distances to avoid injury to animal and vegetable life in the vicinity. Sulphur and arsenic fumes are an incident to many metallurgical operations. Condensers, of much smaller prop
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ram-road. A road in which the track for the wheels is made of timbers, flat stones, or iron, while the horse-track between is left sufficiently rough for the feet of the horses. One was laid down in 1602 in the neighborhood of Newcastle by Beaumont, and was in use in 1676. It is not likely that they would be disused until superseded by railways. They are described by Roger North in 1676 as being rails of wood grooved to form tracks for the wheels which traversed therein. An iron tram-tributing Machines. No.Name.Date. 2,139.Young and DelcambreJune22, 1841. 3,257.RosenborgSeptember9, 1843. 4,313.HenningDecember16, 1845. 7,738.BeniowskiOctober29, 1850. 9,418.HarmonNovember23, 1852. 9,974.MitchellAugust30, 1853. 10,656.BeaumontMarch21, 1854. 10,929.MitchellMay16, 1854. 13,710.LongboroughOctober23, 1855. 339.Longborough (reissued)January8, 1856. 15,310.KoenigJuly15, 1856. 16,743.MitchellMarch3, 1857. 16.947.HoustonMarch31, 1857. 18,175.AldenSeptember15, 1857. 3,