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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 46 2 Browse Search
The Daily Dispatch: August 26, 1863., [Electronic resource] 2 0 Browse Search
The Daily Dispatch: December 7, 1860., [Electronic resource] 1 1 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
combined mass forms the bed of the anvil. Only about half a foot of its bulk will appear above ground. The block will have to sustain the blows of a 25-ton steam-hammer which will be employed in forging 600-pounder and 300-pounder guns for Mr. Whitworth. Mr. Ireland, of Manchester, England, has a portable plant for casting large anvil-blocks in the posi- tion they are to occupy on the premises where they are to be used. He furnishes everything but the iron and the blast. The plant pposite sides simultaneously, as in Fig. 504. Axle-lathe. The axle or shafting is turned to form by suitably shaped cutters secured to two jaws, which approach each other by the rotation of a right and left hand screw in a fixed rest. Whitworth's famous lathe is of this character. See duplex lathe; car-axle lathe. Ax′le Lu′--bri-ca-tor. A device for containing a supply of oil and supplying it to the spindle inside the axle-box. There are many forms of this, some having rese
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
ustrian bullets. w w, Deane and Adams's bullets, with tails. x, English bullet, with wad. y, Sardinian bullet. z, Beckwith's bullet. a a, steel-pointed bullet. b b, the Charrin bullet, with zinc or steel point. c c, c c, Tamissier's steel-pointed bullet; one view showing it intact, and the other after compression in the grooves of the rifle. d d, the Saxon bullet. e e, the Baden modification of the Minie, with tinned iron cup. f f, Wilkinson's bullet. g g, Whitworth's hexagonal bullet. h h, Lancaster's bullet. i i, Mefford's sub-caliber bullet, with spiral grooves on the shoulder to impart rotation. j j, McMurtry's bullet, with spiral grooves. k k, Williams's bullet, with a headed tige to expand a rounding disk at the base. l l, Dibble's bullet, with a recess for the powder. m m, Shaler's triple bullet, the pieces of which are intended to diverge after leaving the muzzle. n n, Maduell's bullet, which is built up of interlocking po
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
tube, which may be of mild steel, upon which an outer tube of less extensible material, as hard steel, is shrunk. His first English patent was in 1855. The American patent, in which the process here mentioned is described, bears date 1864. Whitworth commenced experimenting about 1855, and his guns underwent a satisfactory test in 1860. The leading peculiarities are a bore which is hexagonal in cross section without grooves, and having a rapid twist; the projectile is a hexagonal bolt whosproduce the same effect, or maintain such long and rapid firing. An experimental Armstrong 32-pounder, weighing 26 cwt., with a charge of 6 pounds and an elevation of 33°, sent its projectile 9,153 yards. The range was carefully measured. Mr. Whitworth states that his little 3-pounder, fired at Southport, attained a range of 9,688 yards. The long experimental 7-inch gun of six tons, designed by Mr. Lynall Thomas, with 25 pounds of powder, propelling a shot of 175 pounds, and fired with an e
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
r determining and verifying dimensions of the parts in the rifle musket, pattern of 1855; its lock, stock, barrel, ramrod, leaf-sight, bayonet, and mountings. Whitworth's contrivance for testing the truth of a solid measure representing an English inch is a remarkable specimen of mechanical skill and accuracy. The block represeto this extent will free the plate so that it will fall; care being taken that disturbance of the equilibrium of temperature shall not change the conditions. Whitworth's cylinder gages at the Paris Exposition were perforated steel plates, the perforations being highly polished within, and differing from each other in diameter bstinct and equal intervals between them, within the space of an inch. Nobert succeeded in ruling more than eight times as fine. See Nobert's test-plates. Whitworth has graduated micrometers by which the almost inappreciable quantity of one millionth of an inch can be measured. See dividing-engine; measuring-machine. Gr
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
To lift or close the valve, the stem is turned by its handle, when a projection from it ascends or descends an inclined slot in the collar ascending from the bar. Measuring-funnel. In Fig. 3103, the scale is marked on a bent strip which clips the side of the vessel. The stem of the valve is guided in a projecting bridge-piece, and the measure stands upon a detachable base. Meas′ur-ing-machine′. An instrument for ascertaining length, or end measurement, with great exactness. Whitworth's measuring-machine, which can be graduated to the one-millionth part of an inch, is shown in Fig. 3104, at A B C. The solid bed of the machine a is carried up at the ends so as to form two head-stocks. A V-shaped groove runs from one of the head-stocks to the other, and in this groove the square bars b and c are laid, as is also the standard of the bar d, of which the length is to be tested. The sides of the groove and of the bars are worked up to as true a plane as possible, and are
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
gee-plane.Witchet. 2. A straight surface; a true plane is a gage or test of flatness. The true planes exhibited by Whitworth at the Paris Exposition were polished metallic surfaces of 100 inches area. These were prepared in triplets, to avoid g, using an abradant. Plane-surfaces. For the purpose of verifying their accuracy, the planometer was devised by Whitworth. This is applied to the face of the article, previously brought to an approximately true surface, and thinly coated wia small machine, and is named from its quick, handy ways and its compact form. The jim-crow is the improvement of Joseph Whitworth upon the Clement planing-machine. It has a reversing-tool to plane during both motions of the bed, and is named frojust so. The table is moved endways by a quickthreaded screw, which allows the driving motion to be placed at the end. Whitworth's English patent is No. 6850, of December 11, 1835. The key-grooving machine is a modification invented by Robert Ro
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), Q. (search)
right, presenting the work to the cutting edge of the tool by the rack b, operated from the pulley c through the gears c1 c2 c3 c4. On arriving at the end of its motion, a stud on the lathebed strikes a horn, which shifts the driving-belt from c to a, causing the pinion a′ to reverse the movement of the gear c4, and turn the bed in the opposite direction, until the belt is shifted back to its original pulley by a similar device at the other end of the machine. Quick-return gearing. Whitworth's quick return for shaping-machine (lower figures). A spur-wheel a, revolving freely upon a large fixed overhanging shaft, is attached to a convenient part of the head. Through, but not concentric with, the shaft, runs a spindle, having a slotted crank-piece b on its extremity, by which it is kept in contact with the face of the wheel, and connected therewith by a pin engaging in the slot; the velocity of the crank varies as the pin approaches or recedes from the center, supposing that of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
The plan of having studs or ridges on the bullet to engage the grooves has not been extensively adopted for smallarms. The rifle of General Jacobs, East India service, employs a bullet of this class, having four ridges corresponding to the four grooves of the rifle, and used with a patch. In Murphy's mode, the rifling only extends four inches from the muzzle, and has its pitch lefthand-ed to correct the slight tendency to pull the gun over to the right in pulling the trigger. The Whitworth rifle has a hexagonal bore; the Westley Richards carbine, an octagonal bore; the Lancaster carbine, an elliptical bore, or it may be described as a spiral of oval section. The rifling of gun-barrels in the Remington Works at Ilion, N. Y., is done by a very small cold steel chisel inserted in a long rod firmly attached to a rapidly revolving wheel, which also moves up and down a platform. The barrel is run over this rod and placed firmly in position. As the wheel revolves, the chisel i
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
of a curvature intermediate between the two. To obviate this defect as far as possible, Sir J. Whitworth introduced the arrangement shown at e. The two narrow dies act as cutters, and are advan. 152,075ClarkJune 16, 1874. 153,438JonesJuly 28, 1874. 156,144DraperOct. 20, 1874. 156,517WhitworthNov. 3, 1874. 157,185AdamsNov. 24, 1874. 2. Cases and Cabinets. 20,664Ross et al.June 22, 18ars and smooth-bore cannon are spherical; but for rifled guns, they are, with the exception of Whitworth's and a few others, cylindrical and have a conoidal point. They are caused to take the groove The suggestion is embodied in one of Bessemer's early patents, but has been developed by Sir Joseph Whitworth and by Revollier, Bietrix, & Co., of St. Etienne, who adopted it in 1867, having built stmon to them all can escape notice. In Fig. 5939, a b is an elevation and top view of one of Whitworth's long straight-edges; these are from 6 to 10 feet or more in length, made of cast-iron, and r
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
afterward worked for Maudslay and Field. This ingenious machinist invented the planing-machine, without which no perfect plane can be made. The value of such a machine is incalculable. Indeed, upon the truth of the plane depends the whole value of modern machinery. Of old, by chipping and filing, an attempt to approach the plane was made, but of course perfect accuracy was out of the question. Another pupil of Maudslay was Nasmyth, the inventor of the steam-hammer (which see). Joseph Whitworth, the inventor of the gun bearing that name, improved on Clements's planing-machine (see planing-machine) in his Jim crow planer, and also invented many ingenious and useful tools and appliances now commonly used in the workshop. See list of metal-working tools, pages 1425, 1426. The following general classification of tools, according to their functions and modes of action, has been proposed by a writer in the Scientific American :— 1. Geometrical tools, for laying off and testin
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