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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
000 cubic feet of water per day; one fifth is required for town service, the remainder being used in irrigating a tract of nearly 5,000 acres. The town service has 45 miles of brick culverts about six feet high, and 60 miles of cast-iron pipes. It supplies 35 public fountains, and has 3,000 plugs for fire and irrigating purposes. A novel expedient for the support of an aqueduct across a densely wooded ravine was suggested by Mr. McTaggart, the resident engineer for the Rideau Canal in Canada. In a part of the country traversed by the canal, materials for forming an embankment, or stone for building the piers of an aqueduct, could not be obtained but at a great expense. The plan consisted of cutting across the large trees in the line of the works, at the level of the bottom of the canal, so as to render them fit for supporting a platform on their trunks, and on this platform the trough containing the water of the canal was intended to rest. Ar′a-besque [ar′a-besk]. 1. （<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
teenth century much larger bells began to be cast. The Jacqueline, at Paris, cast in 1300, weighed 15,000 pounds; one cast at Paris in 1472 weighed 15,000 pounds; and the bell of Rouen, cast in 1501, weighed over 36,000 pounds. One of the pieces in my collection which I the most highly value is the silver bell [made by Benvenuto Cellini] with which the Popes used to curse the caterpillars, — a ceremony, I believe, now abandoned. Lahontan, in his travels, mentions a like absurd custom in Canada, the solemn excommunication by the bishop of the turtle-doves, which greatly injured the plantations. For this bell I exchanged with the Marquis of Rockingham all my Roman coins in large brass. The rilievos, representing caterpillars, butterflies, and other insects, are wonderfully executed. — Horace Walpole. The bell known as the Liberty bell, which, on the 4th of July, 1776, announced the signing of the Declaration of Independence, was cracked while being rung in honor of the visit o
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
exposed to the heat. e. (For lens-grinders, etc.) Melt together, pitch, 5; wood-ashes, 1; hard tallow, 1. Or, Black rosin, 4; beeswax, 1; heated whiting, 16. Or, Shellac, melted. Or, Rosin and plaster-of-paris. f. To unite lenses, Canada balsam. g. (To attach metallic letters to plate-glass windows.) Copal varnish, 16; drying-oil, 6; turpentine (Venice), 3; oil of turpentine, 3; liquified glue, 5; melt, and add quicklime, in powder, 10. h. (For necks of bottles.) Linseed-mevasse-stopper. Crev′et. A crucible or melting-pot. Crib. 1. A child's cot. 2. The rack or manger of a stable. 3. A granary with slatted sides for ear corn. 4. A reel for winding yarn (Scotland). 5. A small raft of timber (Canada). 6. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones. Cribs are used for bridge-piers, ice-breakers, dams, etc. See dam. Crib′bing. Internal lining of a shaft with frametimbers and plank-backing, to prevent caving, stop percolation of w
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
e fender is secured by hooks to the grate-bars. In lunatic asylums the fender is a large cage. Fireplace fender. 4. An attachment to a cultivator-plow to keep clods from rolling on to the young corn. 5. A rub-plate on the bed of a wagon or carriage to take the rub of the wheel when the vehicle is turning short. Fend′erbeam. 1. The horizontal beam into which the posts of a saw-mill gate are framed at top. The fender-beam in Perley and Pattee's saw-mill at the Chaudiere Falls, Canada, is pine stock, 84 feet long and squared to 24 × 28 inches. 2. The inclined advance piece of an ice-breaker. 3. A beam suspended over a vessel's side to ward off ice and preserve the planking and sheathing of the vessel. Fend′er-bolt. （Shipbuilding.) One having a large head which projects from the planking and serves as a fender to save the planks from being bruised. Fend′er-pile. A pile fixed in front of a pier, wharf, or river wall, to ward off the blows of running ic
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
h recipe: Black pitch, 28; Burgundy pitch, 28; beeswax, 16; grease, 14; yellow ocher, 14. Melt 4 parts beeswax; 1 part Canada balsam (balsam of fir); pour while hot on thin paper, so as to cut in strips for convenient use; a little vermilion addeds they are, not being entirely pure, but sufficiently so for most purposes. It is found in many of our own States and in Canada, in veins and disseminated in quartz and other rock, from which it is separated by stamping in water and floating off the, but in the quartz it is often in disseminated scales. In Ceylon it is in well-detined veins. In the United States and Canada it occurs in irregular veins and in nests, patches, and pockets, the only reliable veins known being those of the Americad as graving-docks. Two of the latter have the following dimensions: — Depth of Water at Sill. Feet. Length.Width. Canada dock-lock50010026 Huskisson dock-lock3968024.75 Birkenhead dock-lock5008530.25 16 graving-docks of Liverpool300-70040-
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
roller depends upon the relative adhesion of the ink to the leather surface of the roller, and to the inked surface of the stone. Litho-graph′ic stone. A sedimentary limestone from the upper beds of the Jurassic formation. Lithographic stones of various sizes and weights are now articles of commerce all over the world. They are obtained almost solely from the extensive quarries of Solenhofen, in Bavaria. France furnishes a very hard and dark blue stone, which is but little used. In Canada stone of good quality is said to exist, as also in Missouri; but little is known of either. The Bavarian stone occurs in nearly horizontal layers. When these are of suitable quality and thickness (from two to five inches), they are squared and trimmed for exportation, the slabs varying in size from 6 × 8 to 40 × 60 inches. Two qualities are recognized: the yellow, and the blue or gray (though the difference in color is not much). The latter are harder and more generally serviceable, and co
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
ic gravity, 8.279, which is increased by hammering to 8.82. Fuzes at about 2,800° F. A brilliant, silver-white, ductile metal discovered by Cronstedt in a mineral derisively termed by the miners nick or copper-nick, on account of its resembling copper ore in appearance, but disappointing them by yielding no copper. Its ores are found in many parts of the world; in America they have been discovered in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Tennessee, Missouri, and Canada. The principal are smaltine or smaltite, from which smalts, zaffre, and cobalt are also extracted; the residue after calcination, called speiss, yields some 50 per cent of nickel. Copper nickel contains about 45 per cent of nickel and a large amount of arsenic. Millerite, a sulphide of nickel, containing 65 per cent of nickel and 35 per cent of sulphur, is found in New York and Pennsylvania, and is largely mined in the latter State. Pyrrhotite, a species of sulphide of nickel, though
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
others, and, acting on their theoretical views, Mr. Joseph Jackson Lister succeeded in effecting one of the greatest improvements in the manufacture of achromatic object-glasses by uniting a plano-convex flint lens with a convex lens by means of Canada balsam. This diminishes by nearly one half the loss of light occasioned by reflection where the surfaces unite, and prevents the dampness or the formation of mold at the junction. Mr. Ross, who subsequently devoted much time to the improvemvisible from various points on Long Island Sound, Sandy Hook, and the inland waters of the Hudson and Harlem rivers. In the building is a large map, displaying the territory throughout which the service has its stations, reaching from Mexico to Canada, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. The state of the weather is indicated by dials at each of these stations on the map, from which reports are received every five hours. Ob-stet′ri-cal chair. One capable of affording convenient p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
te is replaced by an earthy mineral pigment of the desired color. Paper is rendered transparent by a varnish composed of Canada balsam dissolved in turpentine. Carbolic-acid paper is now much used for packing fresh meats for the purpose of presersed to revolve around each other. By sawing the piece in two in the proper direction and cementing the two surfaces with Canada balsam, one of these images may be entirely got rid of A piece thus treated constitutes Nicol's prism, and forms the mean; Newport, R. I., 1732; Halifax, N. S., 1751; Newbern, N. C., 1755; Portsmouth, N. H., 1756; Savannah, Ga., 1763; Quebec, Canada, 1764. The first press west of the Alleghany range was in Cincinnati, 1793. The first press west of the Mississippi, inthrough the prism. This enables the Nicol prism to be used as an analyzer It is usual to cement the two sections with Canada balsam, the angle of refraction of which being less than that of the Iceland spar, does not interfere with elimination of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
re than one sixth of the 444 railroads in this country and Canada are now provided with them. The principle, in all casesfeet eight inches and wider gages in the United States and Canada at the close of the fiscal year ending with 1871, namely:— car-manufacturing establishments in the United States and Canada, which built during the year ending May 31, 1873, the folltill simpler plan of the Northern Indians of Minnesota and Canada, who collect their store of wild rice by leaning the heaUsed incense, perfumery, pastilles; affords benzoic acid. Canada balsamAbies balsamea, etcCanadaBecomes solid on exposure tCanadaBecomes solid on exposure to the air. Used to mount microscopic objects, for varnish, and as a cement for optical glasses. CaoutchoucSiphonia brasilienual for 1874, 1875, on the roads of the United States and Canada, is as follows:— Passenger-cars of all classes2,990 Baengines and 13,980 cars of all classes, as returned by the Canada roads, leaves for the roads in the United States a total o
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