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1 In due succession to gold.
2 See B. xxxiv. cc. 17, 53.
3 "Plumbum nigrum"—"Black lead," literally: so called by the ancients, in contradistinction to "plumbum album," white lead," our "tin," probably.
4 Lead ore; identified with "molybdæna" in B. xxxiv. c. 53. Native sulphurate of lead is now known as "galena." See Beckmann's Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 211, where this passage is commented upon.
5 This Beckmann considers to be the same as the "galena" above mentioned; half-vitrified lead, the "glätte" of the Germans.
6 The specific gravity of lead is 11.352, and of silver only 10.474.
7 From the words μετ̓ ἄλλα, "one after another."
8 It is supposed that these shafts were in the neighbourhood of Castulo, now Cazlona, near Linares in Spain. It was at Castulo that Hannibal married his rich wife Himilce; and in the hills north of Linares there are ancient silver mines still known as Los Pozos de Anibal.
9 A mile and a half.
10 The proper reading here, as suggested by Sillig, is not improbably "aquatini," "water-carriers." That, however, found in the MSS. is "Aquitani;" but those were a people, not of Spain, but of Gaul. Hardouin suggests that "Accitani" may be the correct reading, a people of that name in Spain being mentioned in B. iii. c. 5.
11 Meaning "raw" silver, apparently.
12 "Alumen." See B. xxxv. c. 52.
13 Kircher speaks of this being still the case in his time.
14 See Chapter 19 of this Book.
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- Cross-references to this page
(3):
- The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, CÁSTULO (Cazlona) Jaén, Spain.
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), CISTA
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), CA´STULO
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (6):