Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 42
Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. and Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D., Ed.

52. The twenty-sixth year was passing, since peace had been granted to Philip at his request; [2] throughout all that time unmolested Macedonia had both produced offspring, a large number of whom were of military age, and yet, in minor wars with her Thracian neighbours, of a sort to give training rather than to produce weariness, had been unremittingly in arms. [3] Also the long planning for war with Rome, first by Philip, then by Perseus, had brought it about that everything was ready and at hand.

[4] The array of the review was set briefly in motion (not however in a regular manoeuvre¹ ), so that they might not seem to have merely stood under arms; the king summoned them, in arms as they were, to an assembly. [5] He himself stood on a platform, having about him his two sons, the elder of whom, Philip, was by birth his brother, by adoption his son, while the younger, whom they called Alexander, was his own.² [6] He cheered the soldiers on to the war; he recited the wrongs done by the Roman people to his father and himself; the former had been driven by all sorts of outrages to fight back, but had been overtaken by fate during preparations for the war; [7] to Perseus himself envoys had been sent at the same moment as soldiers for the seizing of the cities of Greece. [8] Then through a treacherous conference, by means of a pretence of reorganizing peace, the [p. 453]winter had been wasted, so that the Romans might³ have time for preparation; now the consul was coming with two Roman legions, each of which contained six thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry, and about the same number of allied infantry and cavalry. [9] Supposing that there were added to this force auxiliaries from the kings, Eumenes and Masinissa, there would be not more than thirty-seven thousand infantry and two thousand cavalry. [10] Now that they had heard the numbers of the enemy let them consider their own army, how much it excelled in numbers and in type of soldiers, how much they, trained in the arts of warfare from boyhood, disciplined and hardened in so many wars, excelled these recruits hastily enrolled for this war. The auxiliaries of the Romans were Lydians, Phrygians,⁴ and Numidians; their own, Thracians and Gauls, the most warlike of all nations. [11] Their enemies had such arms as each poverty-stricken soldier might have acquired for himself,⁵ the Macedonians had arms taken from the royal arsenals, laid up through so many years by his father's care and expenditure. Provisions for the enemy would come not only from a long distance, but subject to all the accidents of seafaring; he himself had stored up both money and grain, not counting the revenue from the mines, for a ten years' war.⁶ [12] Everything which, by the beneficence of the gods and by the prudence of the king, was to be made ready the Macedonians had in abundant plenty; [13] they must have, too, the spirit [p. 455]which their ancestors had possessed, who, having⁷ subdued all [14??] Europe, had crossed to Asia and opened up with their arms a whole world unknown even to rumour, and had not ceased their conquests, until, within the barrier of the Indian Ocean,⁸ there was nothing left for them to conquer. But now, by Hercules, fortune had proclaimed a contest, not for the farthermost shores of India, but for the possession of Macedonia itself. [15] When the Romans had been waging war with his father, they had held out the plausible pretext of the freedom of Greece; now openly they sought to enslave Macedonia, that there might be no king neighbouring the Roman empire, that no people famed in war might keep its arms. [16] All these things they must surrender to haughty masters, along with their king and kingdom, if they wished to cease waging war and do the bidding of others.