[*] 15.19. pluribus praesentibus, in the presence of many; observe that the abl. abs. will rarely bear a literal translation, but its force must be brought out in various ways. [*] 15.20. iactari, bandied about （freq. of iacio）. [*] 15.21. Liscum retinet, [but] keeps Liscus. The omission of the conj. （asyndeton） is very common in Caesar's rapid narrative. — ex solo, from him in private. [*] 15.22. secreto （from secerno）, each by himself. [*] 15.23. esse vera （sc. haec）, that the facts are these. — ipsum esse Dumnorigem, etc.: Direct— Ipse est Dumnorix … cupidus rerum novarum. Compluris annos portoria … redempta habet, quod illo licente contra liceri audet nemo. His rebus et suam rem … auxit et facultatis … comparavit; magnum numerum equitatus … alit et circum se habet, neque solum domi sed etiam apud … civitatis largiter potest atque … matrem … conlocavit, ipse … uxorem habet, sororem … conlocavit. Favet et cupit Helvetiis … odit … Caesarem … quod … frater … est restitutus. Si quid accidat Romanis, summam in spem … venit; imperio populi Romani … de ea quam habet gratia, desperat. [*] 15.24. summa audacia, [a man] of the utmost boldness. The general word is rarely, as here, omitted after a proper name with an abl. of quality. [*] 15.25. rerum novarum: the regular expression for a change of government, revolution, or coup d'état. Such overturnings seem to have been frequent in Gaul. — portoria, customs dues or tolls, levied at the frontier; collected, apparently, as by the Romans, through publicani, who bid for the contract at public auction and made what they could above the contract price. The Haedui controlled at least a part of the Saône, which was a water-way into the centre of Gaul. It was customary among the ancients to levy tolls or blackmail on goods passing through their territories. [*] 16.1. redempta: agreeing with vectigalia, and taken with habere, had bought in （cf. 8 9, 13 4）. [*] 16.2. illo licente, when he bid. See note on 15 19. [*] 16.4. ad largiendum, for bribery, to buy political support （§ 506 (300); B. 338. 3; G. 432; H. 628 (541. iii. N. 2); H-B. 612. iii）. [*] 16.7. causā, for the sake: as always when thusfollowing a gen. — potentiae, power, as an attribute of the person; potestas is power to do anything; facultas, opportunity; imperium, military authority. [*] 16.8. Biturigibus: near the modern Bourges, west of the Hadui. [*] 16.9. uxorem: the daughter of Orgetorix, see 3 22. — ex matre, on the mother's side （a half-sister）. [*] 16.10. nuptum: supine （§ 509 (302); B. 340. 1; G. 435; H. 633 (546); H-B. 618）; see vocab. under conlocare. [*] 16.11. Helvetiis: dat. （§ 367 (227); B. 187. ii. a; G. 346; H. 426. 1 (385. 1); H-B. 362. ii）. [*] 16.12. suo nomine, on his own account, a mercantile phrase applying to business debts, etc. [*] 16.14. si quid accidat: a mild phrase, in case of any disaster; future less vivid protasis with venire as apodosis （§ 589 (337); B. 319. B; G. 658; H. 646 (527. ii); cf. H-B. 580）. [*] 16.15. obtinendi: gerund or gerundive? see 3 11, and note. [*] 16.16. imperio （abl. of time and cause）: under the rule. [*] 16.18. quod … factum , in regard to the unsuccessful cavalry skirmish fought the other day. The idea expressed in English by whereas, as to the fact that, and the like is regularly expressed in Latin by a quod clause with the indic., almost independent of the rest of the sentence; cf. 11 17, 12 11, 15 14, and notes. [*] 16.19. initium fugae: it is implied that this action was treacherous. [*] 16.21. auxilio Caesari: § 382. 1 (233. a); B. 191. 2. b; G. 356; H. 433 (390. iii); H-B. 360 and b.
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chapter 1chapter 2chapter 3chapter 4chapter 5chapter 6chapter 7chapter 8chapter 9chapter 10chapter 11chapter 12chapter 13chapter 14chapter 15chapter 16chapter 17chapter 18chapter 19chapter 20chapter 21chapter 22chapter 23chapter 24chapter 25chapter 26chapter 27chapter 28chapter 29chapter 30chapter 31chapter 32chapter 33chapter 34chapter 35chapter 36chapter 37chapter 38chapter 39chapter 40chapter 41chapter 42chapter 43chapter 44chapter 45chapter 46chapter 47chapter 48chapter 49chapter 50chapter 51chapter 52chapter 53chapter 54
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BOOK FIRST. — B.C. 58.
book 2
BOOK THIRD. — B.C. 56.
BOOK FOURTH. — B.C. 55.
BOOK FIFTH.—B.C. 54.
BOOK VI. BOOK SIXTH.—B.C. 53.
BOOK SEVENTH.—B.C. 52.
Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.
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- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 367
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 382
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 506
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 509
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 589
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 346
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 356
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 432
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 435
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 658
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