GARKUSHI
(“Patraios”) Kuban.
A settlement
of the 6th c. B.C.-14th c. A.D. along the N shore of the
Taman Gulf near the village of Garkushi has often been
identified with Patraios (
Strab. 11.2.8; Steph. Byz. s.v.
Patrasus ?). Excavations have led to the discovery of a
Greek agricultural settlement of the 6th-5th c. B.C. 250
m W.
On the hill part of the site, excavations revealed the
remains of a fortress (ca. early 1st c. A.D.) composed
of a rampart, defensive walls, a moat, and a thick clay
platform which covered the horizontal interior surface.
A stone roadway of the Late Hellenistic era found under
the platform indicates that the fortress was built over an
earlier site. The gate of the acropolis was flanked by two
rectangular pylons made of adobe bricks. The monuments and artifacts found inside the fortress date from
the 1st c. A.D. to mediaeval times. The rectangular dwellings, which had adobe brick walls, were rebuilt several
times but the original plan and orientation were
preserved. In one area, the dwellings formed whole
blocks which bordered both sides of a narrow street.
Excavations suggest a comparatively dense habitation inside the fortress during the 1st-3d c. when the population
also expanded onto the adjoining plain and the city
developed its own wine and pottery industries. Two winemaking establishments of the 2d-3d c. were uncovered,
one of which had several side areas for pressing by foot
and a central area for secondary pressing with a lever
press. A large circular pottery kiln of the 2d-3d c. was
found in one dwelling.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Iu. S. Krushkol, “Raskopki drevnego
Patreia v 1949 g.,”
VDI (1950) 2.231-33; id., “Raskopki
drevnego Patreia v 1950 g.,”
Vestnik drevnei istorii
(1951) 2.225-28; A. L. Mongait,
Archaeology in the
USSR, tr. M. W. Thompson (1961) 200; A. S. Bashkirov
et al., “Otchet o raskopkakh drevnego goroda Patreia
(1961-1962 gg.),”
Uchenye Zapiski Moskovskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta 217 (1964) 236-49; id., “Iz istorii
Patreia v Ill-I vv. do n.e. (Po materialam Tamanskoi
arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii 1949-1951 gg.),”
Zapiski
Odesskogo Arkheologicheskogo obshchestva 2 (35) (1967)
90-98; N. I. Sokol'skii, “Raskopki v severo-zapadnoi
chasti Tamanskogo poluostrova,”
Arkheologicheskie
Otkrytiia 1965 goda 127-28; V. S. Dolgorukov et al.,
“Raboty Tamanskoi ekspeditsii,”
Arkheologicheskie
otkrytiia 1970 goda 121.
T. S. NOONAN
