KADYANDA
(Üzümlü) Lycia, Turkey.
About
19 km NE of Fethiye (Makri). Of the ancient authorities
only Pliny (
HN 5.101) mentions the city, but the name
is evidently of high antiquity, and the monuments and
inscriptions go back to the 5th c. B.C. The Lycian name
was Kadawanti. Despite the city's obscurity the ruins are
quite impressive though of comparatively late date. The
site is on a steep mountain over 900 m above sea level and
300 m above the village. It was defended by a ring wall
which survives chiefly on the S side. In the city center
is an open space 9 m wide, running straight for over 90
m, with six rows of seats on one side; this is recognized
as a stadium from the numerous agonistic inscriptions
found in it; two local athletic festivals are mentioned in
these and other inscriptions. Adjoining this on the S is
a building identified by an inscription lying close by as
the baths built by Vespasian, and on the N a Doric temple badly ruined. Farther to the S is a stoa some 100 m
in length, which may have been part of the gymnasium
mentioned in an inscription, and at the S end of the site
is a small but attractive theater, facing S, with 18 rows
of seats. The masonry is mostly Roman, and the cavea
forms an exact semicircle; but some of the masonry
seems older, and the stage building is largely of polygonal work.
Tombs are very numerous. Many close to the city have
the vaulted form characteristic of Olympos in E Lycia,
but not of Lycia as a whole. Of the others, three in particular are remarkable. Two of these are at the foot of
the mountain about 1.6 km E and SE respectively from
Üzümlü. The first is a pillar tomb of Lycian type, as at
Xanthos and elsewhere; the grave chamber at the top
is lacking. It carries an inscription in Lycian, now badly
weathered and largely illegible. The second is a tomb of
house type hewn entirely from an outcrop of rock and
standing free on all four sides. All sides except the back
carry reliefs, in which the figures are accompanied by
their names in Lycian and Greek; on the flat roof is a
broken sarcophagus, also decorated with reliefs. The
third tomb is on the slope of the mountain towards
Üzümlü it too is cut solidly out of a huge boulder, now
tilted over, and has reliefs on the long sides. These
tombs are dated to about 400 B.C. or a little earlier.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
C. Fellows,
Lycia (1840) 115-22
I; E.
Petersen & F. von Luschan,
Reisen in Lykien (1889) I
141-44;
TAM (1901) 28-32;
TAM II.2 (1930) 240ff
MI.
G. E. BEAN