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At the end of thirty days
General Grant found himself, after a loss of 54,929, within ten miles of
Richmond, a point which he might have reached without the loss of a man. War's appetite for slaughter was gorged in this brief campaign, and while we do not propose to discuss the generalship of the overland route to
Richmond, the friends of those who fell at the
Wilderness and
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor must sometimes feel that they were the victims more of a political prejudice than of a military necessity.
Lee's entire army, from the
Rappahannock and including Cold Harbor was 76,400.
If his losses were as great as
Grant's, that is, 54,929, then he would have had only 21,471 of his original army left.
This campaign had reduced the result of the war to a mathematical problem.
Grant's army was the upper millstone, two inches thick, and
Lee's was the nether-stone, one inch thick.
The friction being the same, it required little mathematical knowledge to divine the result.
For the benefit of the future historian, we compile the following statistics issued by the
Adjutant-General's Office of the
United States July 15, 1885:
Total enlistments in Union army | | 2,778,304 |
Deducting Indians | 3,530 |
Deducting Negroes | 178,975 | 182,505 |
| | ——— |
Total enlistment of white men | | 2,595,799 |
The seceding States of
Alabama,
Arkansas,
Florida,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Texas and
Virginia (then including
West Virginia) furnished to the
Federal army 86,009 white troops, while the slave-holding States, Kentucky,
Maryland and
Missouri, which never formally seceded, furnished to the
Federal army 190,430 white soldiers, and the negro population of the various States furnished 178,975 negro troops.
Summarized, it is as follows:
White soldiers furnished to Federal army by seceded States, | 86,009 |
White soldiers furnished to Federal army by non seceding slave States | 190,430 |
Negro troops | 178,975 |
| ——— |
Total troops furnished United States army by slave-holding States | 455,414 |