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ἐν Σάρδισι: in the winter, 481-480 B. C.; cf. vii. 37. 1.

Ἀταρνεύς: cf. i. 160. 4; vi. 28. 2 n. It is referred to (§ 2) as ἐκείνῃ.


τὸ μηδέν: cf. i. 32. 1 n.; ‘a cipher.’


περιῆλθε: either as περιέλαβε (§ 3), ‘entrapped,’ or ‘came at length upon’.

τίσις. The vengeance of heaven is personified as Ὅρκου πάϊς (vi. 86 γ), and in Homer as μοῖρα, ἄτη, ἐρινύς; it works of itself on behalf of justice, bringing about the chance meeting and the judicial blindness of the offender. The human agent only co-operates; cf. also i. 13. 2; iii. 126. 1, 128. 5.

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