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καί: either a reference back to the Greeks gathered at Thermopylae (vii. 202, 207) or = ‘actually’ (i. 75. 6) present, as opposed to the reserves mustering at Pogon (ch. 42). Ἀφέτας: cf. vii. 193. 2 n. παρὰ δόξαν ... ἢ ὡς ... κατεδόκεον: i. e. they expected few had survived the storm; cf. vii. 192. 2. For the phrase cf. i. 79. 2. The idea that the Greek fleet repeatedly meditated flight from Artemisium (vii. 183, 192; viii. 4, 9) is contradicted by their bravery in the actual fighting. No doubt the Peloponnesian sailors may have grumbled, but Eurybiades could not leave Leonidas in the lurch. Cf. App. XX, § 6; Grundy, p. 329; Munro, J. H. S. xxii. 311. Ἑλλάδα: in the narrow sense; cf. vii. 176. 2 n.
οἰκέτας: the whole household or familia, including wives, children, and slaves (cf. vii. 170. 4 n., viii. 44. 1, 106. 2, 142. 3). The children as specially mentioned (cf. ch. 41. 1) as the hope of the house. ἐπὶ μισθῷ: cf. v. 65. 2. This story is repeated with additions from Phanias by Plutarch (Them. 7), though attacked in de Herod. Malign. 34. It is in accord with the charges made against Themistocles (ch. 112) elsewhere, but is probably an invention of the time when Themistocles had fled to Persia and had been proclaimed a traitor. Such stories necessarily rest on scanty evidence and are quite unverifiable. The bias of H. (i. e. of his sources) against him, as against Adimantus, is patent (Introd. § 31). Themistocles is the master of craft and wiles (ch. 110, 124), Aristides the true patriot (79, 95). Special reasons for suspecting this story may be found in the improbability of the Euboeans squandering so large a sum as thirty talents on a subordinate when they might have bought the commander-in-chief cheap (five talents) (cf. Bauer, Them. p. 25); in the fact that Adimantus, who is supposed to have been bribed by Themistocles, continues to be his chief opponent (ch. 59 f.), and that Eurybiades (cf. § 1 n.) must surely have intended to hold his position at Artemisium whether bribed or not (Munro, l. c.); and finally in the fact that the Euboeans made no use of the opportunity they are supposed to have bought so dearly (ch. 19).
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