Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander, The Creation of Macedonian Power, The Siege of Tyre

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Introduction to the Historical Overview in Perseus Geographical and Historical Introduction The Early Greek Dark Age and Revival in the Near East Remaking Greek Civilization The Archaic Age The Late Archaic City-State Introduction to the Fifth Century Clash Between Greeks and Persians Athenian Empire in the Golden Age Athenian Religious and Cultural Life in the Golden Age Continuity and Change in Athenian Social and Intellectual History The Peloponnesian War and Athenian Life Introduction to the Fourth Century The Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War New Directions in Philosophy and Education The Creation of Macedonian Power

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Macedonian Monarchy Macedonians and Greeks The Ambitions of Philip II Philip's Reorganization of the Macedonian Army Philip and the Greeks The Aftermath of the Battle of Chaeronea Alexander's Rise to Power Alexander's Hopes The Attack on the Persian Empire The Siege of Tyre Alexander in Egypt The Conquest of Persia Alexander's March to the East Alexander in Afghanistan and India The Return of Alexander Alexander's Last Plans The Aims of Alexander The Death of Alexander The Effect of Alexander

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The Siege of Tyre

When Tyre, a heavily fortified city on the coast of what is now Lebanon, refused to surrender to him in 332 B.C., Alexander employed the siege machines and catapults developed by his father to breach its walls¹. The capture of Tyre rang the death knoll of the impregnable city-state. Although successful sieges remained rare after Alexander because well-constructed city walls still presented formidable barriers to attackers, Alexander's success against Tyre increased the terror of a siege for a city's general population. No longer could the citizens of a city-state confidently assume that their defensive system could withstand the technology of their enemy's offensive weapons indefinitely. The now-present fear that a siege might actually breach a city's walls made it much harder psychologically for city-states to remain united in the face of threats from enemies like aggressive kings.

1 Diod. 17.40.2

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Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander

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The Siege of Tyre