Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander, Geographical and Historical Introduction, Earlier History

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Introduction to the Historical Overview in Perseus Geographical and Historical Introduction The Early Greek Dark Age and Revival in the Near East Remaking Greek Civilization The Archaic Age The Late Archaic City-State Introduction to the Fifth Century Clash Between Greeks and Persians Athenian Empire in the Golden Age Athenian Religious and Cultural Life in the Golden Age Continuity and Change in Athenian Social and Intellectual History The Peloponnesian War and Athenian Life Introduction to the Fourth Century The Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War New Directions in Philosophy and Education The Creation of Macedonian Power

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The Landscape Natural Resources Diet The Highway of the Sea Climate Earlier History Mycenaean Civilization The End of Mycenaean Civilization

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Earlier History

Speakers of Greek had lived at various locations¹ on the mainland and islands of the Aegean for centuries upon centuries before the period that saw the beginnings of written Greek literature and thus the creation of the texts included in Perseus. The ancient Greeks never in any period of their history constituted a nation in the modern political sense because their independent communities never existed as a unified organization. Greeks identified with each other culturally², however, because they spoke the same language and worshipped the same gods, although with local variations in both cases.

1 Thuc. 1.2.1

2 Hdt. 8.144.2, Isoc. 4.50, Plat. Meno 82b

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