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[*] 537. Article with names of persons. The Article with the Names of Persons belongs to popular diction, and may be considered a norm of familiar style. It is not found in epic poetry, the examples usually cited being demonstrative rather than articular. It is rare in the higher lyric, more common in comedy than in tragedy. In prose some authors use it steadily for anaphora or for contrast. Plato uses it freely. The orators vary. With them the rule is not to use the article with the name of the opponent, who, as is natural, is often mentioned. Names of opponents anarthrous (Schmidt, l.c.). 1.58: “Πολύευκτον δὲ . . . τοῦ δήμου προστάξαντος ζητῆσαι τὴν βουλήν . . . , ἀπέφηνεν ἡ βουλή . . . ἀπελύσαθ᾽ ὑμεῖς, ὁμολογοῦντο:ς τοῦ Πολυεύκτου βαδίζειν εἰς Μέγαρ”（“α”). In the first three orations “Φίλιππος” and its forms occur 29 times without the article; with the article they are found 1.9: “ταπεινοτέρῳ νῦν ἂν ἐχρώμεθα τῷ” (your high and mighty） “Φιλίππῳ. 2.5. 6. 22. 3.5. 7. 21: τὸν Ἀριστείδην ἐκεῖνον, τὸν Νικίαν, τὸν ὁμώνυμον τὸν ἐμαυτοῦ, τὸν Περικλέα. 9.59: Εὐφραῖος δέ τις ἄνθρωπος”, but afterwards articular 60. 61. 62 (twice). 66. See also A. J. P. xi (1890), 486, note. In the genuine portion of the first oration (Blass' text), the name “Τίμαρχος” occurs 67 times. Only one of these instances is articular (§ 60), 2 instances are vocatives, and once “ποῖος” is the modifier. ANTIPHON, 1: “Φιλόνεως” is anarthrous when first mentioned § 14, thereafter articular. PLATO. The articular form is used with the utmost freedom. XENOPHON In the Agesilaus (Dindorf's text) “Ἀγησίλαος” occurs 51 times without the article, 18 times with the article. According to Joost, Sprachgebrauch Xenophons in der Anabasis, Berlin, 1892, “Κῦρος” occurs 196 times in the Anabasis, “ὁ Κῦρος” 28 times. Cf. also Zucker, l.c. THUC.1.128-38: “Παυσανίας” and “ὁ Παυσανίας, Θεμιστοκλῆς” and “ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς” vary. See Herbst in A. J. P. ii (1881), 541, and Schmidt, A. J. P. xi (1890), 485. HDT.3.39-46 and 120-5 (Stein): “Πολυκράτης” 23 times, “ὁ Πολυκράτης” 15 times. AR. The article is exceptional and chiefly deictic. “Σωκράτης” without article occurs Nub. 144. 147. 154. 174, but 182: “καὶ δεῖξον ὡς τάχιστά μοι τὸν Σωκράτην” , And show me without delay (your great hero) Socrates. For other exx. see Fuller, de articuli in antiquis Graecis comoediis usu, Leipzig diss., 1888. PIND. P. 10.57: “τὸν Ἱπποκλέαν” (see commentators). ANACR.21: “ὁ περιφόρητος Ἀρτέμων”. HOM. Il. 1.11: “τὸν Χρύσην ἠτίμησ᾽” (“ἠτίμασεν” v. l.) “ἀρητῆρα”.
Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes. Basil L. Gildersleeve. New York. American Book Company. 1900.
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